水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

坡耕地水土流失是土壤侵蚀最为突出的问题。为了研究坡耕地在作物不同生长期内降水土壤水分入渗性
能，选取大豆( Glycine max L． ) 的初花期( Ｒ1
) 、末花期( Ｒ2
) 、结荚期( Ｒ4
) 、始粒期( Ｒ5
) 的坡耕地为研究对象，并以裸
坡为对照( CK) ，通过人工模拟降雨实验方法，分析其入渗过程及特征，并用Horton 和Kostiakov 入渗模型对入渗过
程模拟。结果表明: 不同降雨强度和坡度条件下，大豆各生长期的坡地与裸坡的初始入渗率、稳定入渗率、累计入
渗量和入渗补给系数总体呈现出Ｒ5 ＞ Ｒ4 ＞ Ｒ2 ＞ Ｒ1 ＞ CK 的变化趋势; 采用的Horton 和Kostiakov 2 个入渗模型拟合
效果较好，且能反映大豆坡耕地在不同生长期的降水入渗过程及其特征，二者的拟合优度都比较高，其中Horton 模
型的拟合效果优于Kostiakov 模型。

Soil erosion in sloping farmland is a key ecological and environmental issue that threats the
sustainable agricultural development on the Loess Plateau of China． Knowledge of infiltration process is
crucial for understanding and managing hydrological processes and soil erosion in sloping farmland． The
objective of this study was to clarify the infiltration characteristics in sloping farmland at different stages of
crop growth． The soybean ( Glycine max L． ) was selected as our research object and its growth was
divided into four stages: initial flowering stage ( Ｒ1
) ，late flowering stage ( Ｒ2
) ，pod bearing stage
( Ｒ4
) ，and maturity starting stage ( Ｒ5
) ． The bare sloping farmland was set as control ( CK) ． Ｒunoff
from experimental plots was collected under the simulated rainfall condition，the infiltration processes and
characteristics were analyzed，and the infiltration processes were simulated with the Horton and Kostiakov
infiltration models． The following results were obtained． For the four growth stages of soybean，
parameters such as initial infiltration rate，stable infiltration rate，cumulative infiltration amount and
infiltration recharge coefficient presented generally the order as Ｒ5 ＞ Ｒ4 ＞ Ｒ2 ＞ Ｒ1 ＞ CK at different
rainfall intensities and slope gradients． The recharge coefficient increased with growth stages butdecreased with slope gradient． The crop coverage was the important factor for determining the recharge
coefficient． Simulated infiltration processes with Horton and Kostiakov models showed that two models fit
well with the infiltration and could reflect the infiltration characteristics while the fitting effect of Horton
was better than Kostiakov． The results of our study are helpful for better understanding of the infiltration
processes and characteristics in sloping farmland during the crop growth stages．