水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

铁是植物生长发育中所必需的微量营养元素。虽然土壤中铁的丰度很高，但其生物有效性非常低，特别
是在碱性石灰性土壤上，高pH 和高重碳酸盐含量严重降低了土壤中铁的有效性。因此如何有效地提高植物对
铁的利用效率及增强植物对缺铁胁迫的响应已成为目前该领域的研究热点。本文重点阐述了植物两种不同的铁
吸收机制，以及对缺铁胁迫的应答反应；对目前所发现的植物中调控缺铁胁迫的相关基因进行了全面的综述，
包括新发现的吞噬机理中所涉及的NRAMP 基因；同时也介绍了感应铁缺乏的众多相关信号，包括植物激素、
气体信号分子及microRNAs 等；此外，还提出利用铁吸收相关基因的转导、控制铁吸收相关因子以及各种农艺
措施的实施来提高植物铁的生物有效性从而有效缓解缺铁胁迫。最后对未来有关植物吞噬机制、铁缺乏感应信
号及改善植物铁营养新途径等研究方向作了初步展望。

Iron is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development. Although iron is abundant in
soil, its bioavailability is very low, especially in alkaline calcareous soils, where high pH and high bicarbonate
levels severely reduce the availability of iron in the soil. Therefore, it has become a hot topic in this field that
how to effectively improve the plant’s utilization efficiency of iron and enhance the plant’s response to iron
deficiency. This article focused on two different iron uptake mechanisms in plants and reaction of plants in
response to iron deficiency stress, and reviewed the presently discovered genes involved in the regulation of
iron deficiency in plants and elaborated the newly discovered NRAMP genes related to phagocytosis mechanism.
The paper also introduced a number of related signals induced by iron deficiency, including plant hormones, gas
signaling molecules and microRNAs, in addition, many approaches to improve the bioavailability of iron in plants
and thus effectively alleviate iron deficiency stress were also proposed, including the transduction of genes related
to iron absorption, the control of factors related to iron uptake, and the implementation of various agronomic
measures. Finally, the article made a preliminary prospect on the future research directions of plant phagocytosis
mechanism, iron deficiency induction signal and new ways to improve plant iron nutrition.