| 上方来水来沙的异位侵蚀效应研究进展 | |
| 王杉杉1,2; 李占斌1; 张乐涛3; 马波1 | |
| 2019 | |
| 发表期刊 | 中国水土保持科学
 |
| 卷号 | 17期号:2页码:139-145 |
| 摘要 | 上方来水来沙作为上下不同地貌部位之间水流能量传
递的媒介和泥沙输移的载体
，
对下游侵蚀产沙过程具
有重要影响
，
是土壤侵蚀研究的关键环节
。
以往研究多侧重于小流域泥沙来源以及上方来水来沙的异位沉积效
应
，
对上方来水来沙的异位侵蚀效应研究相对较少
。
本文回顾了上方来水来沙异位侵蚀效应的研究方法
，
在总结
归纳前人研究成果的基础上
，
首次提出了
“
异位侵蚀
”
的概念
，
从异位径流特征
、
侵蚀产沙等方面
，
分析了裸露坡面
上方来水来沙的异位侵蚀效应
，
并对水土保持措
施异位减蚀作用的研究进展进行了综述
。
在此基础上
，
进一步探
讨了异位侵蚀研究中的热点和难点问题
，
提出可从明确异位侵蚀效应概念
、
探索异位侵蚀影响因素及其机理
、
阐明
上方来水来沙异位侵蚀过程中水沙和能量传递特征
、
量化水土保持措施异位减蚀作用等
4
个方面进一步深入研究
上方来水来沙的异位侵蚀效应
。 |
| 其他摘要 | ［
Background
］
Up-slope runoff and sediment play an important role in energy deliver and
sediment transport between the adjacent section． The change of up-slope runoff and sediment will affect
the soil erosion process of down-slope． Thus
，
it is the vital content of soil erosion to study the up-slope
runoff and sediment． However
，
previous studies mainly focused on the sediment sources of small
watershed and the off-site depositional effects of up-slope runoff and sediment
，
while less studies focused
on the off-site erosional effect of up-slope runoff and sediment．
［
Methods
］
This paper reviewed the
study methods of the off-site erosional effect of up-slope runoff and sediment． Based on the previous
research
，
the
“
off-site erosion
”
was firstly proposed in this paper． And then
，
it summarized the research
achievements of predecessors． In terms of the characteristics of off-site runoff and sediment yield
，
the
paper summarized the off-site erosional effect of up-slope runoff and sediment on the bare slope
，
and the
research progress of the influence of soil and water conservation on the off-site erosional effect．
Furthermore
，
it discussed the hotspots
，
challenges
，
and the future research directions of the off-site
erosional effect．
［
Ｒesults
］
“
Off-site erosion
”
refers to the change of downslope runoff characteristics and
the sediment yield caused by up-slope runoff and sediment． The up-slope runoff and sediment joined into
the down-slope and increased the runoff energy of down-slope． Besides
，
the runoff velocity
，
hydraulic
radius
，
Ｒeynolds number and Froude number increased
，
while resistance coefficient decreased． Based on
the analysis of observed data and simulation experiments
，
the up-slope runoff and sediment would
increase the sediment yield of down-slope． However
，
when the sediment concentration of runoff came to
the sediment carrying capacity of runoff
，
the runoff with sediment couldn
’
t erosive the down-slope soil
，
and even to deposit． The soil and water conservation measures on slope decreased runoff amount and
sediment yield entering the down-slope． Some scholars thought soil and water conservation on slope
decreased the off-site sediment yield
，
while others drew the opposite conclusion． Engineering measures
，
such as dams
，
drastically cut the runoff erosional energy
，
thus they had the decreased effect on off-site．
［
Conclusions
］
“
Off-site erosion
”
is a relatively spatial concept
，
but how to reasonably define the up
slope and down-slope regions
，
there is still no clear definition． Up-slope runoff and sediment
，
erosion
pattern evolution process and erosion process interacted with each other． Meantime
，
off-site erosional
effect of up-slope runoff and sediment would be impacted by the dynamic change
，
such as rainfall
intensity
，
underlying surface
，
sediment concentration and sediment carrying capacity． Further research of
the off-site erosional effect of up-slope runoff and sediment could be conducted in confirming the concept
of
“
off-site erosion
”
，
exploring the influence factors and mechanism of off-site erosion
，
illuminating the
transfer characteristics of sediment and runoff energy during the off-site erosional process of up-slope
runoff and sediment
，
as well as quantitating the off-site less erosional effect of soil and water
conservation．
|
| 关键词 | 上方来水来沙 土壤侵蚀 异位侵蚀效应 水土保持措施 研究进展 |
| 收录类别 | 中文核心期刊要目总览 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
| 条目标识符 | sbir.nwafu.edu.cn/handle/361005/9289 |
| 专题 | 水保所知识产出(1956---) |
| 作者单位 | 1.中国科学院 水利部 水土保持研究所，黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室 2.河南大学环境与规划学院 3.中国科学院大学 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王杉杉,李占斌,张乐涛,等. 上方来水来沙的异位侵蚀效应研究进展[J]. 中国水土保持科学,2019,17(2):139-145. |
| APA | 王杉杉,李占斌,张乐涛,&马波.(2019).上方来水来沙的异位侵蚀效应研究进展.中国水土保持科学,17(2),139-145. |
| MLA | 王杉杉,et al."上方来水来沙的异位侵蚀效应研究进展".中国水土保持科学 17.2(2019):139-145. |
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