水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

林分水分测算主要包括林地土壤水分和树木蒸腾测定两项内容。黄土丘陵区山地
枣林主要是在实施退耕还林工程形成大规模密植枣林，该林分由于形成时间较短，所
以有关研究较为薄弱。枣林林分的水分状况是关系到该林分质量和效益以及可持续性
的关键。为了深入掌握半干旱区山地枣林耗水规律，本文重点研究影响枣林土壤水分
的树龄和质地因子作用及枣树树干液流测定方法对测值的作用，主要从枣林年龄、土
壤颗粒与土壤剖面水分相关性分析和树干方位、深度与 TDP(Thermal dissipation probe)
监测值计算生育期耗水量精度分析评价了这两项有关枣林耗水的关键指标，以期更精
准地研究枣林耗水规律，为今后黄土丘陵区枣林建设和发展中的水分管理提供技术与
理论支撑。得到主要结论如下：
1) 树龄是造成枣林地土壤干化的主导因子。不同树龄枣林地土壤水分存在显著
差异，土壤水分受枣树耗水影响显著。5a 和 15a 枣林的耗水深度分别为 320cm 和
560cm。土壤质地是造成林地土壤固有水分含量的关键，在枣林根系层以下仍有土壤
水分低值分布层，研究区枣林受土壤质地影响形成的土壤水分低值层大约在
660~830cm 范围。
2) 5a枣林地在根系吸水影响范围内出现了100cm(土层深度为300~400cm)深的中
度干燥化土层，15a 枣林地在根系吸水影响范围内分别出现了 100cm 深的重度干燥化
土层(土层深度为400~500cm)和300cm深的中度干燥化土层(土层深度为200~500cm)。
3）在试验区用安装在树干北侧和深度为 20mm 的 TDP 监测值计算生育期耗水量
更准确。
关键词：土壤水分; 垂直分布; 耗水深度; 干燥化；不同方位；不同深度；径向
分布

The forest water calculation include soil moisture and tree transpiration determination.
The close planting jujube forest in loess hilly region which with large scale was emerged at
the period of project of returnig farmland to forest and the related research was weak for
the time of forest emergence was short. The water condition of jujube forest was the key
that related to the forest quality, benefit and the sustainability. In order to master the water
consumption pattern of mountainous jujube forest in semi-arid region, in this study, we
concerned on the tree ages and soil texture that influence the jujube forest soil moisture
and the determination method that influence the determination value. We evalued the two
key indicators that related to jujuebe forest water consumprion from the correlation of ages
of jujube forest, soil texture and the water in soil profile and on the other hand from trunk
directions and depths to the calculation accuracy of water consumption in growth period by
TDP(Thermal dissipation probe) monitoring value. For the more precise study of jujube
forest water consumption pattern and provide technical and theoretical support to the water
management in the construction and development of the jujube forest in loess hilly region
in the future. The main results showed as bellow:
1) The age of jujube tree is the dominant factor that lead to the soil desiccation in
jujube forestland. There are significant differences among soil moisture of jujube forest at
different ages and the soil moisture of jujube forestland were influenced significantly by
the water consumption of jujube tree. The depth of water consumption of different jujube
forest is 320cm of 5a jujube forest and 560cm of 15a jujube forest. The soil particle is the  key of the inherent water content of jujube forestland, and there was still exist low soil
moisture distribute layer under the jujube roots and the low soil moisture distribute layer
due to the particle in jujube forestland was in the range of 660~830cm.
2) In 5a jujube forestland, the moderate desiccation layer appeared in the root water
absorption range with the depth 100cm from 300~400cm. A moderate desiccation layer
with the depth 300cm from 200~500cm and a severe desiccation layer with the depth
100cm from 400~500cm appeared in 15a jujube forestland.
3) The water consumption in growth stage calculated by the monitored value of TDP
installed at the north and with the depth of 20mm was more accuracy in test area.
Keywords：soil moisture; vertical distribution; water consumption depth; desiccation;
different directions; different depths; radial distribution