水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

论文以陕西省陕北、关中、陕南等三个气候区的人工油松林为研究对象，基于样地野外调查及室内试验数据，分析了群落内乔木、灌木、草本、枯落物的含碳率随林龄变化特征，综合分析群落乔木层、灌木层、草本层及枯落物层的碳密度时空动态变化特征，建立了油松乔木的碳密度增长方程和群落碳密度增长方程；探讨了乔木碳密度与自然因子及林分因子间的关系。取得主要结论如下：
（1）陕西人工油松林乔木层含碳率最大值均出现在近熟林阶段，各组分含碳率均表现为树枝、树叶较大，树干、树皮及树根相对较小。随林龄增大乔木各组分碳密度显著增加，树干为乔木碳密度的主要组分，其占乔木层碳密度比例随林龄增加逐渐增大，至近熟林阶段可达到50%左右。
（2）油松林下灌木层各组分含碳率均表现为枝＞叶＞根，陕北、关中、陕南灌木各组分含碳率分别为39.62%~47.83%、40.09%～46.37%、40.13%～46.10%；陕北、关中地区灌木层各组分碳密度随林龄增加变化规律不明显，陕南地区幼龄林至中龄林随林龄增大而增加，中龄林至近熟林相对稳定。灌木层碳密度平均值为根＞枝＞叶，灌木根占灌木层碳密度的50%以上。
（3）油松林下草本层含碳率为地上部分大于地下部分，陕北、关中、陕南地区草本组分含碳率分别为35.85%～48.00%、20.23%～46.11%、24.52%～42.26%。草本层碳密度随林龄增加变化趋势不明显，陕北、陕南地区均为地下部分＞地上部分，关中地区为地上部分（54.53%）＞地下部分（45.47%）。
（4）油松林下枯落物层含碳率随林龄变化趋势不明显，陕北、关中、陕南地区枯落物层碳密度分别为24.31%~46.54%、39.96%～44.71%、39.97%～42.25%。枯落物碳密度陕北地区随林龄增加呈增加趋势，幼龄林至成熟林期间碳密度增长速率为0.18t/hm²·a，关中地区中龄林至近熟林期间由1.64±0.37 t/hm²增长为5.58±1.73t/hm²，进入成熟林后又减少为3.43±0.31 t/hm²，陕南地区随林龄增加呈增加趋势，幼龄、中龄、近熟林碳密度分别为0.43±0.14 t/hm²、1.38±0.52t/hm²
及7.87±0.93t/hm²。
（5）陕北地区人工油松林群落碳密度由幼龄至成熟林4 个龄段呈逐渐增大
趋势，其规律符合线性增长方程（ R²=0.961 ， P ＜
0.001），关中地区人工油松林群落碳密度由中龄至成熟林3 个龄段变化趋势符
合二次曲线增长方程为（R²=0.905，P＜0.001），
陕南地区人工油松林群落碳密度变化趋势由幼龄至近熟林3 个林龄段符合线性
增长方程（R²=0.925，P＜0.001）。群落碳密度中乔
木层所占比例随林龄增加而增大，进入近熟林后，可达到群落碳密度的90%左右。
（6）陕西省人工油松林群落乔木层碳密度受自然因子与林分因子的双重影
响，不同生长阶段影响因素各不相同。幼龄林阶段乔木碳密度影响因子敏感度表
现为Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数（0.932）＞年光照时数（0.888）＞丰富度（0.952）
＞ Simpson 多样性指数（0.790）＞年平均降雨量（-0.888）≥大于10°积温（-0.888）；
但在中龄林阶段对自然因子及林分因子变化均不敏感；在近熟林阶段对影响因子
的敏感度表现为与坡度（-0.644）＞乔木密度（0.207）；在成熟林阶段，乔木层
碳密度对其影响因素的敏感度表现为年光照时数（0.947）≥大于10°积温（0.947）
＞乔木密度（0.790）＞年平均降雨量（-0.947）。
关键词：陕西省；人工油松林；含碳率；碳密度；影响因素
y  1.9675x  8.2776
2 y=-0.0322x  3.6949x 31.4636
y=2.7471x  25.1264

Based on the data of field investigation and laboratory measurements from sample plots for the Chinese Pine plantation in different climate zone of shaanxi province, A systematic study was conducted on the dynamic change of carbon content and carbon storage of tree layer、 shrub layer、 herb layer and litter layer in the community, and the equation of vegetation layer and the community was established and analyzed. Analysis was also performed on natural factors and forest factor affecting carbon content and carbon storage. The result indicate that:
(1) The carbon content of Pine plantation in different climate zone during young growth and mature have a maximum in the near-mature forest, carbon content of tree composition show as: content of branch and leaves are higher than trunk、bark and root. Carbon storage of tree layer in shaanxi grows with stand age increased. Trunk has the highest attachment efficiency, carbon storage is grows with stand age increased, and is the main components of tree carbon storage, the proportion more than 50% finally.
(2) Carbon content of shrub in different climate zone of shaanxi province show as: branch＞ leaves＞ root, but change trend is not obvious with the growth of increasing stand age, the range of carbon content of northern shaanxi、guanzhong area and southern shaanxi show different: 39.62%~47.83%、40.09%～46.37% and 40.13%～46.10%. Carbon storage of three climate zone in Shaanxi province has different characteristics with the growth of increasing stand age: composition of shrub layer of northern shaanxi and guanzhong area are increased, but shrub in southern shaanxi has a maximum in the middle-age and then keep the level after middle-age. Carbon storage of shrub composition in three climate zone in shaanxi province show as: root＞ branch＞ leaves. Root is the main portion of shrub layer in most growth stage, and the proportion exceed 50% finally.
(3) Carbon content of herb in different climate zone of shaanxi province show as: aerial part ＞underground part, the range of carbon content of northern shaanxi、guanzhong area and southern shaanxi show different: 35.85%~48.00%、20.23%～46.11% and 24.52%～42.26%. There are no obvious regular change for carbon  storage of herb composition in three climate zone in shaanxi province , but herb
composition carbon storage in southern and northern shaanxi show as underground
part ＞ aerial part, the main carbon storage composition of herb in guanzhong area is
aerial part, show as aerial part(54.53%）＞underground part (45.47%).
(4) There were no obvious changes carbon content of litter layer in shaanxi
province, the range of carbon content of northern shaanxi、guanzhong area and
southern shaanxi show different: 24.31%~46.54%、39.96%～44.71% and 39.97%～
42.25%. Carbon storage of northern shaanxi appeared increasing tendency as
increasing of forest ages the during young growth and mature forest, the growth rate
is 0.18t/hm²·a. Carbon storage of guanzhong area has growth from 1.64±0.37 t/hm² to
5.58±1.73t/hm² during half-mature forest and near-mature forest, then gradually
dwindled to 3.43±0.31 t/hm² from entering mature period. Carbon storage of southern
shaanxi appeared increasing tendency as increasing of forest ages the during young
growth and mature forest, carbon storage of each vegetative stage from young growth
to near-mature are: 0.43±0.14 t/hm²、1.38±0.52t/hm² and 7.87±0.93t/hm².
(5) There were obvious changes carbon storage of Chinese Pine plantation
community in different climate zone of shaanxi province. A continuous increase on
carbon storage of community in northern shaanxi during young growth and mature
forest, growth equation is (R²=0.961 ， P ＜ 0.001);
guanzhong area quadratic equation was established during half-mature forest and
mature forest: (R²=0.905，P＜0.001) ; carbon
storage of community in southern is sustained growth during young forest and
near-mature forest, increasing trend accord: (R²=0.925，P
＜0.001). Carbon storage of tree layer in community is gradually increased as
increasing of forest ages during young growth and mature forest in shaanxi province,
the proportion reach to around 90% after enter mature forest. But there were no
obvious changes in shrub layer、 herb layer and litter layer carbon storage as the
increase of stand age. Carbon storage of community in the mature stage of shaanxi
province present to tree layer＞litter layer＞shrub layer＞ herb layer.
(6) Factors affecting the carbon storage of tree layer in artificial Chinese pine
forest community is natural factor and forest factors, but different effect of factors is  veries in every growth stage. Young growth stage: Shannon-Wiener (0.932)＞ sunlight hour (0.888) ＞ richness(0.952) ＞ Simpson(0.790)＞average annual rainfall (-0.888) ＞ ≥10℃ accumulative(-0.888); carbon storage of tree layer is not insensitive in the half-mature forest stage; factors effect carbon storage of tree layer in near-mature forest stage: slope（-0.644）＞tree density (0.207); mature forest stage: sunlight hour(0.947) ≥10℃ accumulative (0.947) ＞tree density (0.790) ＞average annual rainfall (-0.947).
Keywords: Shaanxi province, artificial Chinese pine forest, carbon content, carbon density, influencing factors