| 其他摘要 | Desertification is a common major environmental problem currently confronted by
human society. Kubuqi desert in history used to be an area with forest and grassland.
Due to warfare and excessive felling, farming, and grazing, the original vegetation
cover has been destroyed, resulting in severe desertification. The growing
desertification is the main ecological problem restricting regional economic
development, also responsible for the deteriorating environment and poverty of local
farmers and herdsmen. While the state attach great importance to desertification
prevention and control work, some achievements have been made after years of
efforts, but the work is still tough because of overpopulation, animal overloading,
incompetent management, etc. Kubuqi desert regions are ecologically fragile, but also
economically underdeveloped and ethnic minority distribution areas. To handle well
the relationship, not only relates to the alleviation of poverty, but also relates to the
regional environment improvement, national unity and social stability. It provides
important theoretical and practical basis for desertification control to study the current
distribution of desertification and trends of its change. The paper integrated current
situation of Kubuqi desert and its control measures as research object, evaluated
desertification and its mechanisms, analyzed and summarized approaches of
desertification control and its problems, explored sustainable means for regional
development. The major findings are as follows:
(1) Based on analysis of the collected geology, geomorphology, soil, climate,
hydrology, vegetation data, the regional natural conditions in Kubuqi determine its
ecological fragility, vulnerable to desertification. Selecting recent 18 years multi
temporal TM image data of study areas, by the interpretation of the images, different
periods of desertification grade distribution maps have been obtained. Desertification dynamic process was analyzed in terms of desertification area change, the
development rate, transfer characteristics; spatial changes of desertification levels.
The results show an obvious downward trend of total desertification area since 1989.
In view of the spatial variations of desertification levels, the desertification is reversed
in most areas along the main course of Yellow River, but increased in southeastern,
southern desert hinterland, as well as the surrounding of Haizi(lakes). It is obvious
that since the 1990s, this region has achieved remarkable progresses in combating
desertification and desertification levels decreased. The results indicate that frequent
human activities will speed up the desert ecosystem degradation and deterioration of
Kubuqi desert where environmental capacity is small.
(2) Based on the analysis of existing desert control industry and problems, an
industrial desert control model is proposed, which combines desert development and
tourism industry. In addition to general engineering, biological measures, the root
causes of irrational human activities should be eliminated in order to maintenance
dynamic balance of ecological systems and human environment. The desert area is
rich in tourism resources, the tourism and ecological construction can help with each
other forward. By restrictive tourism development in desert area, let desert tourism as
a win-win industry with nature conservation and economic development, in order to
improve regional sustainable economic development.
(3) Ecotourism planning has been discussed, on the basic theories including
landscape ecology, aesthetic, ecological economy, sustainable development .GIS
databases of tourism planning in the study area have been established, using analytic
hierarchy process (AHP) method, the evaluation of Seven Star Lake scenic area
tourism resources were conducted. SWOT method was adopted in comprehensive
analysis and evaluation of tourism development conditions, in analysis of regional
tourism resources and location advantages, as well as the opportunities and challenges
of tourism development. Based on GIS spatial and network analysis tools, using the
law of diminishing spatial distance, travel competition and gravity model, tourist
market was classified. And then combined with statistical information the market has
been predicted.
(4)On analytical basis, the park is positioned as a world-class desert conference exhibition and athletic resorts, a world-class comprehensive digital desert
demonstration garden. According to the plan area terrain conditions, distribution of
tourism resources, traffic location, target market and other factors, considering the
park's strategic development pattern, spatial patterns planning was made for the whole
area and zoning planning for different regions, while conceptual planning for key
projects, also put forward scheme of monitoring system planning to achieve
sustainable development. |
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