水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

【目的】研究了不同减量施氮模式对黄土高原南部春玉米产量、土壤硝态氮残留的影响，提出科学施肥
模式，旨在指导当地玉米施肥、保护环境安全。 【方法】在黄土高原南部沟壑区农田连续进行了 3 年的田间试
验，供试作物为春玉米，一年一熟，采用半覆膜种植方式。试验设不施氮 (CK)；传统施肥模式 (Con，施尿素 N
200 kg/hm2)；减氮模式Ⅰ (Mod Ⅰ，施尿素 N 160 kg/hm2)；减氮模式 Ⅱ(Mod Ⅱ，施尿素 N 160 kg/hm2 和加一定
量的硝化抑制剂双氰胺)；减氮模式 Ⅲ (Mod Ⅲ，施脲甲醛 N 160 kg/hm2)5 种处理。调查了玉米产量、收获后土
壤硝态氮残留和氮素利用率。 【结果】三种减量施氮模式较传统施氮模式施氮量减少 20% 的情况下，玉米产
量连续三年无显著变化 (P > 0.05)，相差 0.1～0.5 t/hm2。与 Con 相比，Mod Ⅰ、Mod Ⅱ、Mod Ⅲ 处理的氮肥农
学效率及偏生产力分别增加了 20.2%～23.2% 和 21.9%～23.7%，0—200 cm 土层 NO3
–-N 的残留量分别减少了
90.7、97.3、100.7 kg/hm2，其降幅依次为 44.7%、47.9%、49.6%。 【结论】连续三年减少 20% 的施氮量不影响
春玉米产量及吸氮量，可提高氮肥的农学效率和偏生产力，显著减少土壤剖面 NO3
–-N 残留量。在同一施氮量
下，添加硝化抑制剂或施用缓控释肥对硝态氮残留量减少作用不甚明显。

Effects of different nitrogen reduction modes on yield of spring maize and soil NO3
–-N
residue in the southern Loess Plateau were discussed, and scientific fertilization suggestions were put forward to
instruct local maize fertilization and protect environment. 【Methods】A field experiment was conducted in the
south of the Loess Plateau for three years. Spring maize was planted with half plastic film mulching in one crop
per annum. The experiment consisted of 5 N fertilization treatments, no N application (CK), applying urea N 200
kg/hm2 (Con), applying urea N 160 kg/hm2 (Mod Ⅰ), applying N 160 kg/hm2 of urea plus nitrification inhibitor
dicyandiamide (DCD)(Mod Ⅱ), and applying slow-release fertilizer urea formaldehyde (SR) N 160 kg/hm2
(Mod Ⅲ). The yield of maize, the fertilizer N use efficiency and the soil NO3
– residues were investigated.
【Results】Compared with conventional N treatment, the grain yields and N uptakes of maize had no
significant difference under the three N treatments, with the grain yield difference in range of 0.1–0.5 t/hm2.
Compared with the Con, the agronomic efficiencies of fertilizer nitrogen and N partial fertilizer productivitieswere increased by 20.2%–23.2% and 21.9%–23.7%, respectively. The accumulated amounts of nitrate nitrogen
in 0–200 cm soil profile were decreased by 90.7, 97.3 and 100.7 kg/hm2, respectively, with the decrease rates of
44.7%, 47.9% and 49.6% in turn. 【Conclusions】Reducing 20% of conventional nitrogen input will not affect
spring maize yield and N uptake significantly, but improve agronomic efficiency of fertilizer-nitrogen and N
partial fertilizer productivity. Under the same nitrogen application rate, adding nitrification inhibitor or applying
slow-release fertilizer do not show priorities over urea on nitrate-N residue reduction.