黄土高原旱地长期施肥对土壤硫、钙、镁的影响

ISWC OpenIR > 水保所知识产出(1956---)

	黄土高原旱地长期施肥对土壤硫、钙、镁的影响
	危锋
学位类型	博士
导师	郝明德
	2009
学位授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
学位授予地点	陕西
学位专业	土壤学
摘要	硫、钙、镁是植物所必需的中量元素，在植物生理和营养方面起着重要作用。土壤中量元素的迁移转化是土壤圈物质循环研究的重要内容之一。本文以22年定位试验为基础，研究了黄土高原长期不同施肥对土壤硫、钙、镁不同形态的变化及分布累积规律。一方面可深入了解旱地土壤中量元素的变化规律，一方面为指导平衡施肥、提高农田养分管理水平，具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。所得主要结论如下：1.长期施肥对硫元素的影响(1)长期施用含硫肥料的处理(NPM、NP、M、P)其全硫、有效硫、水溶性硫、酸溶性硫、总无机硫在40—80cm土层出现第一个累积峰，在140—180cm土层又出现第二个累积峰。全硫、有效硫、酸溶性硫、总无机硫两个累积峰均是NPM最大，第一累积峰值为：112.32、27.85、12.03、50.72、64.70 mg·kg^-1；第二累积峰值为：131.08、41.01、25.70、31.30、67.65 mg·kg^-1。吸附性硫、有机硫在分别在140—160cm，100—180cm土层出现最大累积峰。NPM的吸附性硫、有机硫累积峰值最大，为11.84、63.43 mg·kg^-1。(2)长期不同施肥对土壤全硫、有效硫、水溶性硫、吸附性硫、酸溶性硫、总无机硫、有机硫在土壤剖面上的分布与累积产生影响。0—200cm 土壤的全硫、有效硫、水溶性硫、酸溶性硫、总无机硫、有机硫的累积量以NPM最高，分别为2536.30、622.44、319.65、878.71、1336.95、1199.35 kg·hm^-2；吸附性硫累积量以P最高为 142.92 kg·hm^-2。2.长期施肥对钙元素的影响(1)土壤全钙、有效钙、交换性钙、酸溶性钙在140—180cm 土层出现累积峰，累积峰值以NPM最高，分别为52130、12343、12141、25251 mg·kg^-1。土壤水溶性钙在20—40cm 土层出现最大值，最大值以NPM最高为 444.67 mg·kg^-1。土壤残余态钙在120—180cm 土层出现累积峰，累积峰值以CK最高为25186 mg·kg^-1。(2)长期施肥对土壤全钙、有效钙、水溶性钙、交换性钙、酸溶性钙、残余态钙在剖面上的分布产生影响，但对0—200cm土层各形态钙的累积量没有显著影响。0—200cm 土壤的全钙、有效钙、水溶性钙、交换性钙、酸溶性钙、残余态钙的累积量以NPM最高，分别为915.21、248.43、7.02、241.41、384.03、282.75 t·hm^-2。3.长期施肥对镁元素的影响(1)土壤全镁、有效镁、水溶性镁、交换性镁、酸溶性镁、残余态镁在不同土层出现其含量的最大值，最大值以NPM最高，分别为11980、315.00、35.11、279.89、4271.56、7467.44 mg·kg^-1。(2)长期不同施肥对土壤全镁、有效镁、水溶性镁、交换性镁、酸溶性镁、残余态镁在土壤剖面上的分布与累积产生影响。0—200cm 土壤的全镁、有效镁、水溶性镁、交换性镁、酸溶性镁、残余态镁的累积量以NPM最高，分别为270.21、6.22、0.60、5.69、105.17、159.05 t·hm^-2。
其他摘要	Sulfur, calcium and magnesium are essential elements for plant physiology and plant nutrition. The movement and transformation of such elements in soil is one of the most important researches on material cycling in pedosphere. Based on the long-term site-specific experiment, this dissertation studied the changes of different forms of S, Ca and Mg in soils of the Loess Plateau as well as their accumulation and distribution along soil profiles with different fertilization. This objective of this study was to determine the migration and transformation of such elements in dryland, which is of great significance and practical value in instructing balanced fertilization and improving nutrient management in dryland. The main conclusions are as follows:1 Effects of long-term fertilization on soil sulfur1.1 There are two peaks of total sulfur, available sulfur, water soluble sulfur, HCl-soluble sulfur and total inorganic sulfur in soil profiles with treatments of sulfur-containing fertilization (NPM, NP, M, P). Both peak values in NPM are higher than other treatments. The first peak in NPM occured at 60–80 cm soil layer with the values of 12.32, 27.85, 12.03, 50.72 and 64.70 mg·kg^-1 in the total sulfur, available sulfur, water soluble sulfur, HCl-soluble sulfur and total inorganic sulfur, respectively. The second peak occured at 140–180 cm soil layer, and the corresponding values are 131.08, 41.01, 25.70, 31.30 and 67.65 mg·kg^-1, respectively. The maximum peak of adsorbed sulfur with NPM treatment is at 140–160cm soil layer with the value of 11.84 mg·kg^-1 . That of organic sulfur with NPM treatment is at 100–180 cm soil layer with the value of 63.43 mg·kg^-1.1.2 Long-term fertilization have effects on accumulation and distribution of total sulfur, available sulfur, water soluble sulfur, adsorbed sulfur, HCl-soluble sulfur, total inorganic sulfur and organic sulfur in soil profile. The accumulation of the total sulfur, available sulfur, water soluble sulfur, HCl-soluble sulfur, total inorganic sulfur and organic sulfur were highest in NPM treatment in 0-200 cm soils compared with other treatments, the corresponding values are 2536.30, 622.44, 319.65, 878.71, 1336.95 and 1199.35 kg·hm^-2, respectively. The accumulation of adsorbed sulfur in P treatment is 142.92 kg·hm^-2, which is higher than other treatments.2 Effects of long-term fertilization on soil calcium 2.1 The accumulation peak in NPM occured at 140–180 cm soil depth with the values of 52130, 12343, 12141 and 25251 mg·kg^-1 for the total calcium, available calcium, exchangeable calcium and HCl-soluble calcium, respectively, which are higher than other treatments. The maximum peak of the water soluble calcium in NPM is at 20–40 cm soil depth, and the value is 444.67 mg·kg^-1, which is higher also than other treatments.The peak of the residual calcium in CK is at 120–180 cm soil depth, and the value is 25186 mg·kg^-1, which is higher than others treatments. 2.2 Long-term fertilization have effects on accumulation and distribution of the total calcium, available calcium, water soluble calcium, exchangeable calcium, HCl-soluble calcium and residual calcium in soil profiles, but there is insignificant influence on accumulation of different forms of calcium in soil profiles (0–200cm) The accumulation of NPM in soil profiles (0–200cm) under the total calcium, available calcium, water soluble calcium, exchangeable calcium, HCl-soluble calcium and residual calcium are915.21, 248.43, 7.02, 241.41, 384.03 and 282.75 t·hm^-2, higher than other treatments.3 Effects of long-term fertilization on soil magnesium 3.1 The maximum peak in NPM occurs at different soil depth, and the values in the total magnesium, available magnesium, water soluble magnesium, exchangeable magnesium, HCl-soluble magnesium and residual magnesium are 11980, 315.00, 35.11, 279.89, 4271.56 and 7467.44 mg·kg^-1, respectively, which are higher than other treatments.3.2 Long-term fertilization have effects on accumulation and distribution of the total magnesium, available magnesium, water soluble magnesium, exchangeable magnesium, HCl-soluble magnesium and residual magnesium in soil profile. The accumulation in NPM in soil profiles (0–200cm) under the total magnesium, available magnesium, water soluble magnesium, exchangeable magnesium, HCl-soluble magnesium and residual magnesium are 270.21, 6.22, 0.60, 5.69, 105.17 and 159.05 t·hm^-2, which are higher than other treatments.
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	sbir.nwafu.edu.cn/handle/361005/4115
专题	水保所知识产出(1956---)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	危锋. 黄土高原旱地长期施肥对土壤硫、钙、镁的影响[D]. 陕西. 中国科学院研究生院,2009.