水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

 起垄覆膜是西北地区常用的一种种植方式，具有显著的增产效应，但是其增产是否导致了过度消耗土壤水分
仍然存在争议。为了探究起垄覆膜增产是否具有可持续性，在陕西杨凌开展了连续 3 年(2014—2016)的夏玉米种
植试验，设置起垄覆膜(ＲM)和平作不覆盖(NM)两个处理，在试验数据基础上，结合 HYDＲUS-2D 模型分析起垄覆
膜对夏玉米蒸腾、土壤蒸发及深层渗漏等田间耗水过程的影响。结果表明:HYDＲUS-2D 模型率定和验证的 Ｒ 2 在
0. 65 ～0. 85 之间，ＲMSE 在0. 014 7 ～0. 021 3 cm 3 /cm 3 之间，说明该模型可以较好地模拟土壤水分变化过程。ＲM 处
理下夏玉米 3 年平均蒸腾速率比 NM 处理大18. 2%，蒸腾量高 15. 6%;蒸发速率比 NM 处理小 33. 3%，土壤蒸发量
低 29. 6%;蒸腾量的增加和蒸发量的减少使 ＲM 处理蒸发量占总蒸发蒸腾量的比值比 NM 处理小 25. 5%。ＲM 处
理的深层渗漏 3 年分别为 82. 5、46. 0、9. 0 mm，平均是 NM 处理的 1. 3 倍。ＲM 处理 3 年平均增产 5. 3%，水分利用
效率提高 15. 2%，并且田间耗水量减少了 2. 8%。本研究结果表明起垄覆膜能增大作物蒸腾量，减小土壤蒸发量，
促使无效水转化为生产性用水，因此减小了田间水分消耗，具有节水增产效应，适合在当地推广。

 Ｒidge-furrow with plastic film mulching planting is commonly used in Northwest China because
it can obviously increase yield，but it is still unknown whether the effect of increasing yield is based on
consuming more water or not． In order to explore above question，field experiments were conducted in
Yangling of Shaanxi Province for three maize seasons with two treatments of ridge-furrow with plastic film
mulching planting (ＲM) and flat field without mulching (NM)． The HYDＲUS-2D model combined with
field experiment was also used to study soil water movement． The simulated results showed that
HYDＲUS-2D model performed well for simulating the movement of soil water，the coefficient of
determination Ｒ 2 was between 0. 65 and 0. 85，the root mean square error (ＲMSE) was between
0. 014 7 cm 3 /cm 3 and 0. 021 3 cm 3 /cm 3 ，both were in suitable range． Transpiration rate and cumulative
transpiration of ＲM were 18. 2% and 15. 6% larger than those of NM，respectively． ＲM decreased
evaporation rate and cumulative evaporation by 33. 3% and 29. 6%，respectively． The value of E/ET
(ratio between evaporation and evapotranspiration) was also decreased under ＲM by 25. 5%，but leakage
of deep water of ＲM was 82. 5 mm，46. 0 mm and 9. 0 mm for three years，which were about 1. 3 times as
large as that of NM． Summer maize yield and water use efficiency of ＲM were increased by 5. 3% and
15. 2%，respectively，and water consumption of field was reduced by 2. 8%． The research result showedthat ＲM treatment can change the water consumption structure of crop and make soil water to be more
available for crop，because it can increase the maize transpiration and decrease the soil evaporation，thus
decrease the water consumption of field，so it was profitable in Northwest China．