水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

季节性冻融区解冻期土壤分离是水力与冻融复合的侵蚀过程，为侵蚀产沙提供了物质储备，是初春河道
泥沙的主要来源。以黄河中上游内蒙古段十大孔兑地区砂壤土为研究对象，采用田口方法，对比分析冻融循
环次数、土壤初始含水率、坡度和流量对土壤分离能力的影响。研究结果表明:冻融条件下，土壤分离能力与
坡度、流量、冻融循环次数和土壤初始含水率均呈正相关关系。当坡度大于 10°时，土壤分离能力的增加幅度
降低;在本试验条件下，当各因素水平最大时，土壤分离能力达到最大值;各因素对土壤分离能力大小贡献率
分别为坡度(76. 02%) ＞ 流量(13. 39%) ＞ 土壤初始含水率(6. 92%) ＞ 冻融循环次数(3. 67%)。在降水量有
限的解冻期，坡度是影响土壤分离能力的最主要因素;田口方法对土壤分离能力预测相对误差小于 20%，预
测效果较好。

 The effect of hydrodynamic factors and freeze-thaw factors on soil detachment capacity，and the
processes of freeze-thaw and soil detachment are studied by using the least time and material resources com-
bined with the method of Taguchi test simulation． Ｒesults of freeze-thaw and flume scour tests showed that soil
detachment capacity increased with the increase of slope，flow rate，freeze-thaw cycles and initial soil water
content，under the condition of freezing and thawing． Increasing range of soil detachment capacity decreased
when the slope is greater than 10 degrees． Under the experimental conditions，the soil detachment capacity
reached the maximum value when the level of the factors was the maximum． The contribution rate of various
factors to soil detachment capacity were slope (76. 02%) ＞ flow discharge (13. 39%) ＞ soil moisture
(6. 92%) ＞ freeze-thaw cycles (3. 67%)． The relative error of the prediction of soil detachment capacity by
Taguchi method is less than 20%．