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黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区藓结皮覆盖土壤的蒸发特征
李渊博1,2; 李胜龙1,2; 肖波1,2,3; 王芳芳1,2
2020
发表期刊水土保持学报
卷号34期号:4页码:208-215
摘要

土壤蒸发是地表水分平衡及能量交换的组成部分,是干旱和半干旱区水文循环的关键环节。为探究
黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区生物结皮对土壤蒸发的影响,以风沙土和黄绵土上发育的藓结皮为研究对象,通
过模拟蒸发试验和自然蒸发试验,测定了不同蒸发条件下藓结皮覆盖土壤和无结皮土壤的蒸发强度,分析
了藓结皮覆盖土壤的蒸发特征及其与无结皮土壤的差异。结果表明:( 1 )模拟蒸发试验中,藓结皮对土壤
蒸发过程的影响表现出明显的阶段性,与无结皮土壤相比,藓结皮使土壤蒸发强度在大气蒸发力控制阶段
降低了3. 04%~15. 46% ( 0.
21~1. 05mm / d ),在土壤导水率控制阶段增加了32. 26%~187. 07% ( 0. 58~
2. 54mm / d ),在水汽扩散控制阶段增加了 12. 91%~87. 73% ( 0. 05~0. 34mm / d );土壤累积蒸发量大小表
现为藓结皮覆盖土壤 > 无结皮土壤。( 2 )自然蒸发试验中, 6 月 16 日至 9 月 3 日,无降雨时藓结皮覆盖土
壤和无结皮土壤的蒸发速率均较低,藓结皮覆盖土壤的日平均蒸发量是无结皮土壤的 1. 12~1. 42 倍,自然
降雨后二者的蒸发速率快速增加,降雨后土壤蒸发量是降雨前的 2. 20~8. 55 倍;在 8 月 10 — 22 日观测期
内,藓结皮在雨后增加了土壤含水量,并对土壤蒸发起到促进作用,藓结皮覆盖土壤的累积蒸发量显著提
高了 19. 22%~64. 09% ( F =21. 85 , P <0. 01 )。研究表明,藓结皮覆盖增加了风沙土和黄绵土的水分蒸发
强度,可能会对黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区土壤水分保持产生不利影响。

其他摘要

 Soil evaporation is an important component of soil water balance and energy exchange , and it is al -
so a key link in the hydrological cycle in arid and semi
- arid region.In this study , the evaporation rates of the
biocrusts and non - crusted soil developed on aeolian sandy soil and loessal soil were measured under simulated
and natural conditions by using micro - lysimeters in the wind - water erosion crisscross region on the Loess
Plateau of China , the differences of biocrusts soil and non - crusted soil evaporation characteristics were
analyzed , and the soil bulk density , soil particle distribution , and organic matter were determined.The
results showed that :( 1 ) The process of evaporation could be clearly divided into three stages under simula -
ted evaporation experiment.As compared with non - crusted soil , biocrusts soil decreased the evaporation rate
by
3.04% ~ 15.46% ( 0.21 ~ 1.05 mm / day ) at atmospheric evaporation control stage ; while it was
increased by 32.
26% ~187. 07% ( 0. 58~2. 54mm / day ) at soil hydraulic conductivity control stage , and by
12. 91%to 87. 73% ( 0. 05~0. 34mm / day ) at vapor diffusion control stage , in addition , the cumulative soil
evaporation was expressed as biocrusts soil higher than non - crusted soil under simulated evaporation experi -
ment. ( 2 ) Moreover , the evaporation rate of biocrusts and non - crusted soil was low under natural evapora tion conditions from June 16to September 3 , and the daily average evaporation of biocrusts soil was 1. 12~
1. 42times that of non - crusted soil.The evaporation rates of biocrusts soil and non - crusted soil increased
rapidly after rainfall.Furthermore
, the soil evaporation amount after rainfall was 2.20 ~ 8.55times that
before rainfall , biocrusts increased soil water content after rain and promoted soil evaporation.In addition ,
biocrusts significantly increased soil cumulative evaporation (
F =21. 85 , P <0. 01 ) from August 10to August
22.Our experiments indicated that biocrusts significantly enhance the evaporation of aeolian and loessal soil

which may play adverse effects on soil moisture retention in the wind
- water erosion crisscross region on the
Loess Plateau of China.It is , therefore , essential to pay high attention to the effects of biocrust covering on
soil evaporation and take necessary methods on the Loess Plateau of China.

关键词生物结皮 土壤蒸发 风沙土 黄绵土 黄土高原
收录类别中文核心期刊要目总览
语种中文
文献类型期刊论文
条目标识符sbir.nwafu.edu.cn/handle/361005/9998
专题水保所知识产出(1956---)
作者单位1.中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院
2.黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室
3.农业部华北耕地保育重点实验室
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
李渊博,李胜龙,肖波,等. 黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区藓结皮覆盖土壤的蒸发特征[J]. 水土保持学报,2020,34(4):208-215.
APA 李渊博,李胜龙,肖波,&王芳芳.(2020).黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区藓结皮覆盖土壤的蒸发特征.水土保持学报,34(4),208-215.
MLA 李渊博,et al."黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区藓结皮覆盖土壤的蒸发特征".水土保持学报 34.4(2020):208-215.
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