水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

为探明覆膜滴灌条件下，作物根区土壤水、盐运移规律及其对“土壤－微生物及酶－根系”交互作用的影
响，进一步提高水肥利用效率和完善精确灌溉制度，本文以温室番茄为研究对象，采用Field TDR 200对根区土壤水
盐运移进行动态监测，研究常规滴灌和覆膜滴灌对水盐运移、根系、土壤微生物及酶活性的影响，分析根区土壤环
境因子、土壤微生物及酶、根长密度的交互作用。结果表明：覆膜滴灌土壤水分迁移速率显著低于常规滴灌，水分
分布相对均匀，且测定范围内土壤含水率≥灌水下限（22%）土壤面积为常规滴灌5倍（P＜0.05）；局部盐分聚集速
率减小50%，降低局部盐分聚集度；显著提高土壤温度和降低土壤pH；根区表层土壤根长密度为常规滴灌的
12.8～28.5 倍。这些环境因子的改变，进一步增强“土壤－微生物及酶－根系”交互作用，土壤脲酶活性提高
20.83%～30.61%，磷酸酶活性提高76.92%～84.61%。因此，覆膜滴灌比常规滴灌更具水土资源利用效率提升潜
力，相关农艺措施需进一步精细和完善，这可为提高干旱区设施农业水土资源利用效率提供支持。

 To investigate the laws of soil water and salt transport in a crop root zone as well as their effects on
soil-microorganism and enzyme-root interactions under film-mulched drip irrigation（FDI）, and to further en-
hance the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization and improve the precision of the irrigation system, a field
experiment in a greenhouse was carried out. Tomatoes were taken as the research object and a method of dynamic
monitoring in continuous irrigation cycles was used. The effects of conventional drip irrigation（CDI）and FDI
on dynamic changes in soil moisture and salt in the tomato root zone, as well as on tomato root growth, soil mi-
croorganisms, and enzymes were studied. Further, the interactions among soil environmental factors, soil microor-
ganisms, enzymes, and root growth were analyzed. The results showed that:（1）Compared with CDI, the soil wa-
ter transfer rate under FDI was significantly lower, the soil water distribution was relatively uniform, and the soil
area in which the lower limit of soil moisture content（22%）was maintained within the determination range was
five times that under CDI（P < 0.05）.（2）The local salt accumulation rate decreased by 50% and the degree of
local salt accumulation decreased under FDI compared with CDI.（3）The root zone soil temperature and pH
were significantly increased and decreased by FDI, respectively.（4）The root length density in the surface soil
under FDI was 12.8-28.5 times that under CDI. These changes created by FDI further strengthened soil-microor-
ganism and enzyme-root interactions and improved soil urease activity by 20.83%-30.61% and soil phosphatase
activity by 76.92%-84.61% compared with CDI. Therefore, compared with CDI, FDI has greater potential to im-
prove the utilization efficiency of water and soil resources. However, relevant agronomic measures of FDI need
to be further refined and improved to provide references for further improving water and soil utilization efficiency.