| 东北黑土区坡耕地斜坡垄作与顺坡垄作土壤侵蚀对比分析 |
| 桑琦明1; 王磊1; 郑粉莉1,2; 覃超1,3; 张勋昌4
|
| 2020
|
发表期刊 | 水土保持学报
|
卷号 | 34期号:3页码:73-78 |
摘要 | 斜坡垄作是东北黑土区最普遍的垄作方式之一,但当前关于斜坡垄作对坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响鲜见
报道。为此,基于室内模拟试验,设计2个降雨强度( 50 , 100mm / h )和2种垄作方式(斜坡垄作和顺坡垄
作),分析东北黑土区坡耕地斜坡垄作与顺坡垄作坡面土壤侵蚀的差异。结果表明:( 1
)在50
, 100mm / h
降雨强度下,斜坡垄作断垄前坡面侵蚀速率分别是顺坡垄作的 0. 46% 和 0. 35% ;但在 45min 的降雨过程
中,由于斜坡垄作发生断垄现象,造成50 , 100mm / h降雨强度下斜坡垄作坡面侵蚀速率分别是顺坡垄作
的1.
24 , 1. 03 倍。( 2 )斜坡垄作径流强度和侵蚀速率随降雨历时的变化均从断垄开始发生突变。在 50 , 100
mm / h 降雨强度下,随着降雨历时的变化,斜坡垄作断垄前的径流强度和侵蚀速率值均低于顺坡垄作,其
平均径流强度分别为顺坡垄作的8. 42%和3. 75% ;平均侵蚀速率分别为顺坡垄作的0.
46%和0. 35% ;但斜
坡垄作断垄后坡面径流和侵蚀速率明显增大,其平均径流强度分别为顺坡垄作的 1. 33 , 1. 47 倍,平均侵蚀
速率分别是顺坡垄作的2. 03 , 1.
62倍。( 3
)在50
,
100mm / h降雨强度下,斜坡垄作断垄前坡面径流量和侵
蚀量存在极显著的线性关系( P <0.
01 ),而断垄后两者的相关关系则不显著( P >0. 05 );而顺坡垄作在 2 种
降雨强度下坡面径流量和侵蚀量存在极显著的线性关系。( 4
)在 2 种降雨强度下斜坡垄作坡面 90% 以上
的径流泥沙均来自断垄后。因此,提高垄丘稳定性和防止断垄现象发生,是减少斜坡垄作坡面土壤侵蚀的
关键所在。 |
其他摘要 | Sloping ridge - tillage is one of the most common ridge - tillage methods in Chinese Mollisol region.
However , there are few studies related to the effects of sloping ridge - tillage on hillslope soil erosion.Thus ,
the indoor simulated rainfall experiments were conducted under 50and 100mm / h rainfall intensities with a
typical slope of 5degree ( transforming from longitudinal ridge - tillage to contourridge - tillage ) to analyze the
differences in hillslope soil erosion between sloping ridge - tillage and longitudinal ridge - tillage system in
Chinese Mollisol region.The results showed that :( 1 ) Under 50and 100 mm / h rainfall intensities , the
erosion rates in sloping ridge - tillage before ridge failure were only
0. 46%and 0. 35%of the longitudinal ridge -
tillage , respectively.However , during the 45 - minute rainfall , once the ridge was failed , the erosion rates in
sloping ridge - tillage were 1.
24and 1. 03times higher than that in longitudinal ridge - tillage under 50and 100
mm / h rainfall intensities , respectively. ( 2 ) Both runoff and erosion rates suddenly changed with the rainfall time
after ridge failure in sloping ridge - tillage system.Before ridge failure in sloping
ridge - tillage system , both runoff anderosion rates were lower than those in longitudinal ridge - tillage under 50and 100 mm / h rainfall intensities.The
average runoff rate in sloping ridge - tillage were only
8. 42%and 3. 75%of that in longitudinal ridge - tillage under the
two rainfall intensities , respectively ; and the average erosion rates in the former were 0. 46%and 0. 35% of
those in the latter , respectively.After ridge failure in sloping ridge - tillage system , the average runoff rate
were 1. 33and 1.47times higher than those in longitudinal ridge system , the average erosion rates in the
former were 2. 03and 1. 62times higher than those in the later under 50and 100mm / h rainfall intensities ,
respectively.
(
3 ) Under the two rainfall intensities , there was a extremely significant linear relationship between
runoff and erosion amount in sloping ridge - tillage ( P <0.
01 ), while the correlation was not significant after ridge
failure ( P >0.05 ) .There was a extremely significant linear relationship between runoff and erosion amount in
longitudinal ridge - tillage. ( 4 ) Under the two rainfall intensities , more than 90% of runoff and sediment
generated after ridge failure in sloping ridge - tillage system.Therefore , the key
approach for controlling soil
erosion in sloping gridge - tillage is to improve the ridge stability and to prevent the ridge failure. |
关键词 | 土壤侵蚀
断垄
斜坡垄作
顺坡垄作
东北黑土区
|
收录类别 | 中文核心期刊要目总览
|
语种 | 中文
|
文献类型 | 期刊论文
|
条目标识符 | sbir.nwafu.edu.cn/handle/361005/9917
|
专题 | 水保所知识产出(1956---)
|
作者单位 | 1.西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室 2.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所 3.清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室 4.美国农业部农业研究局牧草地实验室
|
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 |
桑琦明,王磊,郑粉莉,等. 东北黑土区坡耕地斜坡垄作与顺坡垄作土壤侵蚀对比分析[J]. 水土保持学报,2020,34(3):73-78.
|
APA |
桑琦明,王磊,郑粉莉,覃超,&张勋昌.(2020).东北黑土区坡耕地斜坡垄作与顺坡垄作土壤侵蚀对比分析.水土保持学报,34(3),73-78.
|
MLA |
桑琦明,et al."东北黑土区坡耕地斜坡垄作与顺坡垄作土壤侵蚀对比分析".水土保持学报 34.3(2020):73-78.
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东北黑土区坡耕地斜坡垄作与顺坡垄作土壤侵蚀对比分析_桑琦明.pdf
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