水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

为了研究双元覆盖对渭北旱塬苹果园土壤水分的调控效果，对4 个不同处理( 地膜
压秸秆双元覆盖、地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和对照)下的果园0 ～ 600 cm 土层范围内的土壤水分进
行测定，并对果树产量和枝条生长量进行了统计． 结果表明: 双元覆盖的整体保墒效果最佳，
0 ～ 600 cm 土壤贮水量比对照高6． 7%;长期双元覆盖能够有效地缓解该地区深层土壤出现
的干燥化现象，稳定层(240 ～ 600 cm) 月平均土壤贮水量比对照高64． 22 mm;双元覆盖和地
膜覆盖两种措施均能降低浅层(0 ～ 60 cm)土壤水分随时间的波动，提高浅层土壤水分随时间
变化的稳定性;与单一覆盖方式相比，双元覆盖方式更能减小土壤剖面水分垂直变异，提高土
壤剖面水分垂直分布的稳定性;双元覆盖方式增产效果明显，苹果产量比对照高48． 2%． 综
上，相对于单一的覆盖方式，双元覆盖能更好地调控果园土壤水分、提高苹果产量．

To investigate the controlling effects of dual mulching on soil moisture in an apple orchard
on the Weibei rainfed highland，soil moisture in the 0 － 600 cm soil profile of the apple orchard
was measured under four mulching treatments (plastic film plus straw，plastic film and straw
mulches，as well as a non-mulching control)，and meanwhile the apple yield and branch growth increment
were analyzed statistically． Ｒesults showed that the dual mulching treatment had the best
effect on soil moisture conservation，and the soil water storage in such a soil profile was 6． 7% higher
than the control treatment． Long-term dual mulching could effectively alleviate soil desiccation
occurring in deep soil layer in the region，and the monthly averaged soil water storage in stable layer
(240 － 600 cm) was 64． 22 mm higher than that of the control treatment． Both plastic film plus
straw and plastic film mulches were able to reduce the temporal fluctuation of soil moisture in shallow
soil (0 － 60 cm) and enhance the temporal stability of soil moisture in the layer． Compared
with the single mulching treatments，the dual mulching treatment could effectively decrease the vertical
variation of soil moisture in the profile and improve the stability of the vertical soil moisture distribution．
The apple yield under the dual mulching treatment was evidently increased by 48． 2%，as
compared with the control treatment． All the analyses showed that dual mulching had more advantages
in controlling soil moisture and improving apple yield than single mulching．