中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所机构知识库

河流沉积物是营养元素的源和汇，反映了河流的污染状况。以2014—2016年渭河陕西段16个采样点沉积物中的碳氮磷含量为研究对象，在分析了沉积物中碳氮磷含量时空变化特征的基础上，采用模糊综合评价法对渭河陕西段沉积物中营养元素污的染状况进行了评价。结果表明：沉积物中碳氮磷含量在2016年较前两年均有所降低，但在汛期（2015年）无显著变化。沉积物中碳氮磷含量变化具有相似的空间特征，在清姜河入渭处和灞河入渭处达到峰值，兴平和沙王渡处存在低谷。渭河陕西段沉积物营养元素污染等级为Ⅱ级，存在一定的生态风险，需注意磷元素的外源输入以及支流处污染物处理与排放管理。

 River sediments are sources and sinks of nutrients and reflect the pollution of river. In this study, the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediments of the 16 sampling points in the Shaanxi section of the Weihe River from 2014 to 2016 were taken as the research objects, and the characteristics of the spatiotemporal changes and pollution status of the nutrients in the sediments were analyzed. The results showed that the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content in the sediments decreased in 2016 compared with the previous two years, but there was no significant change during the flood season. The carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the sediments have similar characteristics along the way, reaching peaks in Qingjiang River and Bahe River, and reaching troughs in Xingping and Shawangdu. The pollution degree of sediment nutrients in the Shaanxi section of the Weihe River is Grade II, and there are certain ecological risks. It is necessary to pay attention to the external input of phosphorus and the management of pollutant treatment and discharge at tributaries.