| 其他摘要 | 【Objective】A field study was to investigate the effects of film mulching, nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on
nitrogen accumulation, translocation and production efficiency of spring maize. This research could provide theoretical basis for
optimizing high yield and high efficiency cultivation of dryland maize in semi-arid regions.【Method】Treatments included two
planting methods (mulching and non-mulching), four nitrogen rates (0, 170, 200 and 230 kgN·hm-2 in 2013 and 0, 170, 225 and 280kgN·hm-2 in 2014), and three plant densities (5.0×104, 6.5×104 and 8.0×104 plants·hm-2) during 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. The
nitrogen accumulation, translocation, grain yield and nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFPN) of different treatments were analyzed.
【Result】Film mulching significantly increased N accumulation pre-silking, promoted N accumulation post-silking and N
translocation during vegetative stage, and thus significantly increased grain N accumulation and yield. Mulching models×N fertilizer
and Mulching models×plant density significantly affected N uptake, accumulation and translocation in spring maize. Under the film
mulching, more N fertilizer amounts (200-230 kgN·hm-2) or plant density (6.5×104-8.0×104 plants·hm-2) improved N translocation
during vegetative stage, N assimilation post-silking and its contribution to grain, so it significantly increased grain N accumulation.
However, under non-mulching, above amount of 170 kgN·hm-2 or plant density of 5.0×104 plants·hm-2 decreased N accumulation
post-silking and its contribution to grain, which failed to increase grain N accumulation. N fertilizer×plant density had a significant
effect on the N uptake, accumulation and translocation. PFPN and N harvest index (NHI) were positively related to N accumulation
pre- and post- silking, translocated N and grain yield, which reached at a significant level. Comprehensive considering grain yield
and PFPN, the N application of 200-230 kgN·hm-2 and plant density of 8.0×104 plants·hm-2 with film mulching system could achieve
high yield of 13.7-14.6 t·hm-2 and high PFPN of 64.8-68.7 kg·kg-1 in spring maize on the Loess Plateau in northwest China.
【Conclusion】The integrated management practice with film mulching, optimal nitrogen rate and plant density could promote the
synergistic increase of N accumulation post-silking and N translocation from vegetative organs during grain filling, which was the
fundamental reason for increasing grain yield and N fertilizer production efficiency. |
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