中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所机构知识库

China’s soil and water conservation (SWC) has gradually developed into a national key ecological construction
project, and its scale and coverage have been expanding. However, the distribution characteristics
of soil and water conservation measures (SWCMs) under ecological restoration projects and the
water storage and soil conservation benefits from a macro perspective are not yet clear. To solve this
problem, first of all, the red soil hilly region (RSHR) of China has been chosen to analyze the 30-year
process and spatial trends of SWCMs in ecological restoration projects. The spatial distribution of SWCMs
is analyzed from the three-dimensional plane of level and elevation. In addition, four benefit characteristics
of SWCMs have been obtained by comparing the amount of water and soil protected and the
intensity of soil erosion. Finally, the paper explores methods that improve the efficiency of SWC in key
areas. The research results show that the paradigm of SWC changes from comprehensive management to
ecological rules and the goal of SWCMs has shifted from initial farmland maintenance to natural forest
restoration, and the average soil erosion has not only decreased by 291 t/(km2
a) as a whole but has also
reflected the transformation from agriculture to ecology in the national ecological restoration project
strategy. The distribution model of SWCMs on the horizontal plane is a convex second-order function. In
the vertical direction, the proportion of measures distributed in hilly areas was 38%, higher than that in
plain and mountain areas. Moreover, SWCMs are concentrated in cultivated land and forest land, among
which the proportion of terraces, SWC forests and grass planting measures is as high as 35% in areas with
high erosion. For the RSHR in the four SWC benefits of group characteristics and the distribution ratio,
respectively: SWC ability and soil erosion intensity are lower (group 1, 9%). There is a lower amount of
soil and water storage and higher intensity of soil erosion (group 2, 19%). The amount of soil and water
storage is large, and the intensity of soil erosion is low (group 3, 27%). Soil and water storage and soil
erosion intensity are both high (group 4, 13%). In a word, it is necessary to improve the proportion of SWC
forest construction in river basins and intensive agricultural cultivation areas in national key SWC areas
to enhance ecosystem service functions. This paper analyzes the pattern changes and benefit characteristics
of SWCMs from a macro perspective, which provides a new perspective for the large-scale study
of SWC in the future. This result in preventing soil erosion aims to make China’s ecological civilization
construction and ecological management more sustainable.