修剪对山地苹果蒸腾的影响及模拟

ISWC OpenIR > 水保所知识产出(1956---)

	修剪对山地苹果蒸腾的影响及模拟
	叶苗泰 1; 霍高鹏 2; 杨博 2; 赵西宁 1,3; 高晓东 1,3
	2019
发表期刊	中国农业科学
卷号	52 期号:17 页码:3020-3033
摘要	【目的】探究不同修剪强度对旱作山地苹果蒸腾的调控效应，为山地苹果园田间水分管理与可持续发展提供科学依据。【方法】以黄土丘陵区山地苹果为对象，设置不同修剪强度（对照 CK：无修剪；强度 I：轻度修剪，去除 10%的侧枝长度;强度 II：中度修剪，去除 25%的侧枝长度；强度 III：重度修剪，去除 40%的侧枝长度），采用观测（TDP 插针式茎流计）和数值模拟（MAESPA 模型）结合的手段研究修剪对苹果树蒸腾耗水规律的影响。【结果】修剪显著降低了苹果树叶面积指数，强度 III 修剪处理的枝量、叶面积指数，冠幅直径平均较对照处理减少 28.2%、30.5%、9.5%。修剪显著改变了苹果树蒸腾耗水特征，随着修剪强度的增加，日液流峰值下降，液流强度变弱；逐月蒸腾耗水量从果实膨大期到着色成熟期逐渐降低，表现为 7 月最高，9 月最低，修剪强度 II、强度 III 处理各月蒸腾耗水显著低于对照；各处理在整个研究期间的蒸腾耗水量较对照分别降低了 11.1%、24.1%、 37.9%，修剪强度 II、强度 III 蒸腾耗水量与对照存在显著差异。MAESPA 模型能够较好模拟不同修剪强度下果树蒸腾耗水规律，不同修剪强度 7 — 9 月份蒸腾耗水量模拟的归一化均方差为 0.163 — 0.293，纳什系数为 0.616 — 0.83，一致性系数为 0.907 — 0.960。模型在光合有效辐射和饱和水汽压差较低时，对蒸腾的模拟效果较差。【结论】随着修剪强度的增加，苹果蒸腾耗水量基本呈等比例下降趋势，在没有严重水分亏缺时，山地果园可采取去除 10%侧枝的修剪强度；当发生严重水分亏缺时，去除 25%侧枝的修剪强度能以较小的产量损失显著降低蒸腾耗水量，缓解水分供需矛盾，促进果园的绿色健康发展。
其他摘要	【 Objective 】 Water deficiency is the major obstacle to restri ct the development of apple industry of the Loess Plateau. This study was conducted to inves tigate the effects of pruning on apple transpiration, aiming to provide helpful infor mation for water management an d sustainable development of apple orchards. 【 Method 】 The study sites was located in Zizhou County, Shaanxi Province, where the apple trees were grown under rain-fe d conditions. Sap flow under four pruning intensities, includin g CK (no pruning), PI-1 (light pruning), PI-2 (moderate pruning) and P I-3 (severe pruning), were measured with thermal dissipation p robes. Combining with model simulations (MAESPA), the effects of pruning on transpiration of apple trees were studied. 【 Result 】 The results showed that pruning could effectively reduce the leaf area index (LAI) of apple trees. The total branches, LAI and crow n diameter of PI-3 decreased by 28.2%, 30.5% and 9.5%, respecti vely, compared with the CK. Pruning reduced the transpiration of apple trees significantly. At the intraday scale, when the pruning intensity increased, the peak value of sap flow decreased ac cordingly. Furthermore, the monthly transpiration grad ually decreased from the fruit swelling peri od to fruit ripening period with the pea k value in July and the lowest value in September. Transpiration of intensity II (PI-2) and intensity III (PI-3) was significantly lowe r than that of CK. During the study period, the transpiration of pruning in tensity I (PI-1), intensity II (PI-2) and intensity III (PI-3) d ecreased by 11.1%, 24.1% and 37.9%, respectively, comp ared with CK (July-September). Meanwhile , the relationship betw een pruning intensity and transpiration was analyzed through MAES PA model. MAESPA model simulated the di urnal variation characteristics and daily transpiration of apple trees with a good accuracy. The normali zed mean square error was between 0.163 and 0.293; the Nash coefficient was between 0.616 and 0.830 and the consistency coef ficient was between 0.907 and 0. 960. The results also showed th at the model had a relatively poor performance when the photosyntheti cally active radiation (PAR) a nd saturated water vapor pressu re deficit (VPD) were low. 【 Conclusion 】 Pruning effectively reduced the transpiration of apple trees. Under the context of light water stress in the Loess Plateau, PI-1 could be applied to orchard to reduce water consum ption slightly; under the severe water defi cit condition, PI-3 could be used as a promising measure to regulate water consumption of apple trees and promote the green healthy development of orchards.
关键词	苹果修剪蒸腾旱作果园 MAEPSA 模型
收录类别	中文核心期刊要目总览
语种	中文
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	sbir.nwafu.edu.cn/handle/361005/9302
专题	水保所知识产出(1956---)
作者单位	1.西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所 2.西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院 3.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	叶苗泰,霍高鹏,杨博,等. 修剪对山地苹果蒸腾的影响及模拟[J]. 中国农业科学,2019,52(17):3020-3033.
APA	叶苗泰,霍高鹏,杨博,赵西宁,&高晓东.(2019).修剪对山地苹果蒸腾的影响及模拟.中国农业科学,52(17),3020-3033.
MLA	叶苗泰,et al."修剪对山地苹果蒸腾的影响及模拟".中国农业科学 52.17(2019):3020-3033.

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