中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所机构知识库

团聚体是土壤基本结构单元,犹如生物体的细胞,深刻影响着土壤肥力和植物生长,并在土壤抗蚀性、土壤修复、全球碳汇效应等方面起着重要作用。过去研究多关注于土壤团聚体的微观形成过程与稳定机制。由于土壤特性、自然要素、人为活动等多因素共同驱动,团聚体的微观尺度分析并不能完全理解团聚体在生态系统中的作用与功能;同时,团聚体结构和稳定性具有高度空间异质性,传统的经典统计学方法难以反映真实状态下团聚体的空间格局,使得其研究方法逐渐过渡到地统计学。本文综述国内外基于GIS和地统计学的土壤团聚体空间变异性的研究现状,分析空间定量方法和尺度效应,总结团聚体空间变异的定量方法、影响因素、空间变异预测模型及其可视化方法,提出了当前研究存在的主要问题,展望了GIS和地统计学在土壤团聚体空间变异性中的研究前景。

[Background] Soil aggregate is to soil what cell is to organism. They have profoundly impacts on soil fertility and plant growth, and play important roles in soil resistance to erosion, soil remediation, and global carbon cycling, etc. The aim of this review is to find out the main problems in current researches, and provide an outlook of the potential for GIS and geostatistics application in spatial variability of soil aggregate. [Methods] We collected all relevant literature for this review. Based on these references, we reviewed the current development of spatial variability of soil aggregates by using GIS and geostatistics, analyzed spatial quantification methods and scale effects, summarized the factors influencing the spatial variation of soil aggregate, and the modeling of spatial variability prediction of aggregate stability. [Results] Current researches about geostatistics have made some progress in the spatial variability of soil aggregate. However, due to the spatio-temporal variability of soil properties, climate, topography, vegetation and human activities, the relevant researches need to be further studied. (1) At different spatial scales, the contribution of soil properties, natural factors, and human activities to the spatial variability of aggregate stability is unclear; (2) Some studies have used remote sensing data, DEM and other readily available data for spatial prediction of aggregate stability. The low spatial resolution cannot reflect the spatial variation in detail. Therefore, it is necessary to further improve the resolution of remote sensing data and predict the spatial variability of aggregate stability with a higher precision. [Conclusions] Previous studies placed emphasis on the formation process and stabilization mechanisms of soil aggregates at micro-scale. However, these micro-scale analyses cannot fully reveal the roles and functions of soil aggregates in ecosystems due to the fact that the eco-role of soil aggregate is affected by a combination of factors, such as soil properties, natural environment, and human activities, etc. In addition, the spatial heterogeneity in the aggregate structure and stability raises the difficulty in deriving the spatial pattern of soil aggregates with traditional classical statistics under real conditions, which makes geostatistics gradually be introduced in soil aggregates analysis. A large number of new methods and the continuous improvement of geostatistics are being applied to soil science. We should try to introduce the new analytical methods and models to analyze the spatial variability of soil aggregate. It is of great significance to study the formation process of aggregate, the influence factors of aggregate stability and the contribution of influence factors to aggregate stability, to understand the formation mechanism of aggregate, and to accurately explore the factors affecting the formation and stability of soil aggregate.