中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所机构知识库

摘要:基于对植物修复空间特异性的理解,针对联通关中水系的涝池近年来出现的水体富营养化和黑臭现象,选取常见浮床植物美人蕉、水菖蒲和西伯利亚鸢尾,通过室外水培试验,探究其对涝池污染原水的净化效果,试验共持续35天。结果表明:(1)试验结束时,3种植物在株高、根长生物量均有显著增加,增长率表现为美人蕉>水菖蒲>西伯利亚鸢尾。(2)美人蕉、水菖蒲和西伯利亚鸢尾对水体中TN 的平均去除率分别为56.18%,52.17%,60.76%,均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);美人蕉和水菖蒲对水体中TP 平均去除率分别为55.42%和58.32%,均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而西伯利亚鸢尾组与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),此外美人蕉和水菖蒲还能起到调节水体pH 和DO 的作用。(3)3种植物对水体中NH4+ —N 的平均去除率分别为76.98%,65.71%,78.94%,其中美人蕉组和水菖蒲组NH4+ —N 的主要去除途径为植物吸收和硝化反应,西伯利亚鸢尾组NH4+ —N 的主要去除途径主要是氨的挥发和硝化反应等,而对照组NH4+ —N去除率高达60.55%的主要原因是氨的挥发;植物组及对照组中NO3- —N 浓度随时间均呈现增加趋势,主要与各试验组中水体硝化反应及植物吸收效率的差异性有关。(4)3种植物中,水菖蒲适用于点源和面源两种污染源涝池水体的净化,美人蕉只适合用于面源污染涝池水体的净化,而西伯利亚鸢尾净化能力较差,生长适应性差,不适宜作为水生浮床植物推广。研究结果为涝池污染水体修复的浮床植物选择提供参考。
关键词：涝池； 植物修复； 水体净化； 污染源

Abstract: Based on the understanding of the spatial specificity of phytoremediation, in connection with phenomena of eutrophication and black odor in water storage pond which is an important component of connecting the water system in Guanzhong area, three common floating-bed plants, canna, calamus, and siberian iris were selected to explore the purification effect of the raw water in the water storage pond by outdoor hydroponics test , the test lasted 35 days.The results showed that: (1) At the end of the experiment, the height and root length biomass of the three plants increased significantly, and the growth rate was as follows: Canna >Calamus> Siberian iris. (2) The average removal rates of TN in water bodies were 56.18%, 52.17%, and 60.76%, respectively, which were higher than that of the control group（P<0.05）. The average removal rates of TP in water bodies of canna and Calamus were respectively 55.42% and 58.32% ,which were higher than the control group of  15.57%（P<0.05）, but the Siberian iris group was not significantly different from the control group（P＞0.05）. In addition, Canna and Calamus can also adjust and improve the pH and DO in the water. (3) The average removal rates of NH₄⁺-N  in water were 76.98%, 65.71% and 78.94%, respectively. The main removal pathways of  NH₄⁺-N in the Canna and Calamus were plant uptake and nitrification. the main removal route of  NH₄⁺-N  in the Siberian iris group was mainly ammonia volatilization and nitrification, while the removal rate of NH₄⁺-N   in the control group was as high as 60.55%. of which main removal reason was ammonia volatilization; The concentration of  NO₃^--N  of plant group and control group increased with time, which was mainly related to the difference of water nitrification reaction and plant absorption efficiency in each experimental group. (4) In the 3 floating-bed plants, Calamus is suitable for the purification of the water of the point source pollution and non-point source pollution. The Canna is only suitable for the purification of the water of non-point source, while the Siberian iris has poor purification ability and growth adaptation in both，which is not suitable for promotion as an aquatic floating-bed plant. The research results provide a reference for the selection of floating-bed plants for the restoration of polluted water bodies in water storage pond.

Keywords: water storage pond; phytoremediation; water purification; pollution source