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本文以黄土丘陵区刺槐、油松人工林和辽东栎天然林为研究对象，通过野外调查与室
内分析相结合，运用合理的数据处理及分析方法，分别比较分析了三种不同树种在不同林
龄的植被层生物量、碳含量和碳密度以及土壤有机碳含量和密度，研究结论如下：
(1) 刺槐、油松和辽东栎林乔木层生物量均随林龄的增大而增大：其乔木层生物量范
围分别在 18.76—134.86 t/hm 2 、1.83—134.00 t/hm 2 和 24.79—52.52 t/hm 2 之间。多数情况下，
不同树种乔木不同器官的生物量的数值大小关系排序明显。林龄差异会引起树种乔木及其
各器官生物量分配比的变化。随林龄的增大，三种类型的乔木地下与地上部分生物量比例
均呈现出降低趋势，且刺槐和油松乔木地下与地上部分生物量的比均明显低于辽东栎。灌
木生物量大小排序表现为枝 > 根 > 叶，且灌枝生物量显著高于灌根和灌叶，草本则表现
为地上部分生物量显著大于地下部分。刺槐、油松和辽东栎林群落总生物量随林龄增大均
呈增大趋势。各群落平均生物量大小排序为：乔木层 > 枯落物层 > 林下植被层。三树种
的乔木层生物量与群落总生物量之间呈显著性正相关。乔木层生物量作为各林分生物量的
主体，占植被层总生物量的比例最大，直接决定着植被总生物量的变化趋势。
(2) 方差分析得出，同一林龄的刺槐、油松和辽东栎乔木的不同器官之间的碳含量、
不同林龄同一器官之间的碳含量均存在显著性差异。刺槐、油松和辽东栎乔木各器官平均
碳含量分别在 38.9%—43.6%、47.3%—53.3% 和 39.9%—45.9% 之间。按生物量权重计算
得出了不同林龄刺槐、油松和辽东栎全树的平均碳含量分别为 41.89%、50.83%和 44.55%，
针叶油松碳含量显著大于阔叶刺槐和辽东栎。林下植被层平均碳含量均一般表现为灌木
层 > 草本层 > 枯落物层，且显著低于乔木层碳含量。灌木各器官平均碳含量差异性显著，
表现为枝 > 叶 > 根；草本则表现为地上部分碳含量显著高于地下部分。刺槐、油松和辽
东栎林土壤（0—100 cm）有机碳含量分别在 0.51%—3.61%、0.30%—2.70%、0.33%—2.68%
之间，且刺槐深层土壤碳含量显著高于油松和辽东栎，并随林龄增大而显著增大，这说明
刺槐林土壤具有更好的碳吸存能力。不同林龄同一土层间土壤有机碳含量也存在显著性差
异；同一林龄不同土层土壤有机碳含量差异性显著，各林分土壤有机碳含量均随土层深度
增大而逐渐减小，具有明显的垂直分布特征。(3) 刺槐、油松和辽东栎乔木层碳密度均随林龄增大呈显著增大趋势，刺槐、油松和
辽东栎乔木层碳密度范围在 7.65—57.15 t/hm 2 、0.90—60.20 t/hm 2 、10.63—23.62 t/hm 2 之间，
表现为刺槐和油松人工林碳密度的增加显著大于辽东栎天然林。刺槐林土壤碳密度随林龄
增大而增大，其范围在 81.84—181.00 t/hm 2  之间；油松和辽东栎林土壤碳密度则随林龄先
增大后又呈降低趋势，两者碳密度分别在 65.05—100.73 t/hm 2 和 88.47—112.03 t/hm 2 之间。
植被层碳密度随林龄增大呈增大趋势，土壤层则呈降低趋势，林龄是影响碳密度的主要因
素。碳密度在森林生态系统不同群落表现为：土壤层 > 植被层 > 枯落物层。
关键词： 黄土丘陵区；刺槐；油松；辽东栎；生物量；碳含量；碳密度

In this paper, to estimate carbon density of Robinia pseudoacacia, Pinus tabulaeformis
plantation and Quercus liaotungensis natural forest ecosystems for different stand ages more
accurately, we tracked 8-, 18-, 28-, and 37-year-old Robinia, 9-, 23-, 33- and 47-year-old Pinus
and 20-, 45-, 75-, and 105- year-old Quercus forests in Hilly Loess Region in China, through
field investigation, laboratory analysis and data processing analysis, studying the boimass and
carbon content in plant organs, litter and soil, as well as the carbon storage and its allocation in
different layers. The main results were as follows.
(1) The biomass of the arbor layer of Robinia, Pinus and Quercus increased with stand age.
The arbor layer biomass of Robinia, Pinus and Quercus were in the range of 18.76—134.86
t/hm 2 , 1.83—134.00 t/hm 2 and 24.79—52.52 t/hm 2 . In most cases, the orders of biomass of
different arbor organs were obvious. The biomass distribution ratios of different arbor organs
changed with different tree ages. The proportion of ground and underground decreased with
increasing tree age, and the proportions of Robinia and Pinus were lower than Quercus. The
biomass of shrub were in the order of branches > roots > leaves. The biomass of shrub branches
were significantly higher than roots and leaves. Herb was shown as aboveground biomass was
significantly larger than the underground part. The total biomass of Robinia, Pinus and Quercus
forests with increasing stand age showed an increasing trend. Average biomass in the different
components of the studied forest ecosystems were in the order of: arbor layer > litter layer >
undergrowth vegetation layer. Arbor layer biomass of the three species and the total community
biomass had a significant positive correlation. Arbor layer as the main body of forests taked the
largest biomass proportion of vegetation, and directly determined the trend of the total biomass
of vegetation.
(2) By analysis of variance, the carbon content was significantly different in organs of the
same age forests. The carbon content of same organ was significantly different in Robinia, Pinus
and Quercus, too. The average carbon content of various organs of Robinia, Pinus and Quercus
were in the range of 38.9%—43.6%, 47.3%—53.3% and 39.9%—45.9%, respectively. Carbon
content of Robinia, Pinus and Quercus calculated with biomass weight were 41.89%, 50.83%
and 44.55%, respectively. Shrub carbon content of various organs was in the order of branches >
leaves > root. The carbon content of herbs was greater in the above-ground portion than in the
underground portion. The general performance of the average carbon content of the forest layers  were shrub > herb > litter, and significantly lower than the tree layer carbon content. The organic
carbon content of Robinia, Pinus and Quercus soil (0–100 cm) was between 0.51%—3.61%,
0.30%—2.70% and 0.33%—2.68%, respectively. Robinia deep soil organic carbon content was
significantly higher than that of Pinus and Quercus, and gradually increased with stand age. Soil
organic carbon content also existed significant difference of different forest ages in the same soil
layer. The soil organic carbon content in different soil layers of the same age forests were
significantly different. The forests soil organic carbon content had an obvious vertical
distribution characteristic: the surface soil layer had a higher organic carbon content and organic
carbon content gradually decreased as soil depth increased.
(3) The carbon density in arbor layers of Robinia, Pinus and Quercus increased with
increasing stand age significantly. The carbon density in arbor layers of Robinia, Pinus and
Quercus were in the range of 7.65—57.15, 0.90—60.20 and 10.63—23.62 t/hm 2 ,
respectively.The soil layer carbon density of Robinia increased with increasing stand age, and in
the range of 7.65—57.15 t/hm 2 . The soil layer carbon density of Pinus and Quercus first
increased and then decreased with increasing stand age, and in the range of 65.05—100.73 t/hm 2
and 88.47—112.03 t/hm 2 , respectively. The proportion of vegetation carbon density increased
with increasing tree age continually, whereas that of soil carbon density had the opposite pattern.
Forest age was a dominant factor affecting the carbon density of the forest communities. Carbon
density in different components of the studied forest ecosystems was in the order of: soil layer >
vegetation layer > litter layer.
KeyWords: Hilly Loess Region; Robinia; Pinus; Quercus; biomass; carbon content; carbon
density