水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

草地资源是我国自然生态资产的重要组成部分，但随着经济快速的发展，过度不
合理的利用已使得草地自然资源遭到了严重破坏。如今人们已充分认识到其重要性，
并提出了一系列保护和利用草地资源的规划与建设方案。
能值理论由著名生态学家 Odum 创立。它以能值为基准，把生态系统或生态经
济系统中不同种类的能量通过能值转化率转换成同一标准的能值来衡量系统中的各
种生态流(包括能物流、货币流、人口流和信息流等)，得出一系列能值综合分析指标，
从而对系统进行评价，定量分析系统的结构功能特征与生态经济效益。
本研究以云雾山国家级自然保护区典型草原生态系统为研究对象，利用能值分析
理论对封育 31（1982-2013）年的草地生态系统逐年进行价值评估。根据研究区实际
情况对能值法评估框架进行调整，探索能值法评估自然资源价值的可行性。以期待能
进一步明确草地生态系统的价值及主要系统能物流循环方式，从而进一步增强草地生
态系统建设和提高管理水平。
主要研究结果如下：
自 1982 年实施封育措施以来，云雾山国家级自然保护区典型草原生态系统的价
值得到大幅增长。2013 年生态资产价值达到 3.61 亿美元，生态服务价值达到 0.38 亿
美元。其总体价值远高于封育前的 0.33 亿美元，封育效果显著；
能值投入方面：在 2011 年之前，由于没有外界资源的投入，草原生态系统的投
入价值量表现为在一水平线上下波动，在 2011 至 2013 年间，由于社会经济的投入，
草原生态系统的投入价值量显著提高。2013 年达到 1.70×10 19 sej，高于 2010 年 0.58
×10 19 sej；
能值产出方面：能值产出量从封育开始逐年增高，在在 1996 年出现峰值 9.56×
10 19 sej，之后到 2010 年间一直以不同速度呈现下降的趋势。2011 年在加入社会经济
资源投入后，整个系统的产出能值及价值又出现明显增长，三年涨幅达到 1.02×10 19 sej。
由上可知，30 多年的封育措施使得草原生态系统价值得到大幅增长。在目前的
自然资源与社会经济“双投入”模式下，云雾山典型草原发展良好，并将转变为更具
活力的生态系统。
关键词 ： 能值 ； 价值 ； 典型草原 ； 生态系统 ；

As an important part of the natural ecological asset in China, grasslands have been
severely destructed by the excessively irrational use along with the rapidly growing
economics. Today people have fully noticed the importance of grasslands, and a series of
projects have been constructed to do the protection and rational utilization of the grassland
resources.
Based on the emergy value that created by a famous ecologist named Odum , emergy
analysis theory could transform various energys of ecosystem or eco-economic system into
emergy values with a same standard by using the emergy transformity. And through this
mdthod, people can further measure a variety of ecological flows, includeing energy and
materials flow, monetary flow, population flow, information flow, and so on, and obtain a
series of comprehensive analysis indicators of the emergy value, and thus finally
quantitatively analyze the structure and function characteristics and ecological economic
benefits for the system evaluation .
This paper will focuse on the yearly valuation in a span of 31 years (1982-2013) of
typical steppe ecosystem in Yunwu Mountain National Nature Reserve by using the
emergy analysis theory after the enclosure management. And the framework of emergy
method was justified according to the actual situation to explore the feasibility of the
method in valuating natural resources. This paper aims to clarify the value and main
recycling mode in energy and material flowing of grassland ecosystem, and to further
enhance the construction and management of grassland ecosystem.
The main results were as follows:
There was a large rise in the value of typical steppe ecosystem in Yunwu Mountain
National Natural Reserve since the enclosure management had being taken in 1982. Total
ecosystem value was 3.61 billion dollars which included 0.38 billion dollars in ecosystem
service valuation and was far higher than the initial valuation of 0.33 billion dollars,  indicating a significant improvement due to the enclosure management.
The value of inputs into grassland ecosystem fluctuated around a line with the
absence of inputs before 2011. Due to the social economic input, the input value had a
significant increase in grassland ecosystem. It reached at 1.70×10 19 sej in 2013, which was
far higher than 0.58×10 19 sej in 2010.
The enclosure managenment made the emergy value of output from the grassland
ecosystem increase yearly, peaking at 9.56×10 19 sej in 1996, and then declined with
different speeds until 2010. Up to now, social economic inputs beginning at 2011 have
made an apparent and significant increase with a value of 1.02×10 19 sej to the output value
of emergy and total value of the grassland ecosystem.
According to the results mentioned above, the enclosure management with a span of
more than thirty years has increased the value of grassland ecosystem significantly. With
the inputs of both natural resources and social economics, the typical steppe in Yunwu
Mountain has developed very well and is turning into a more energetic ecosystem.
Keywords: Emergy ；Value ；Typical steppe ；Ecosystem ；Yunwu Mountain