中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所机构知识库

为探索黄土丘陵区深层干化土壤在不同地面覆盖下的土壤水分恢复特征，在陕西省米脂县丘陵山地建造大型模拟干化土壤土柱，地表分别进行薄膜覆盖、石子覆盖、树枝覆盖、栽植枣树、刺槐及裸地6个处理，对2014-2017年土壤水分进行定位监测。数据分析结果表明：至试验期结束，薄膜覆盖、石子覆盖、树枝覆盖、裸地土壤水分恢复深度分别为1000、1000、700、480 cm，薄膜覆盖、石子覆盖、树枝覆盖、裸地、枣树与刺槐0～1000 cm深度范围内土壤储水量分别增加1211.4、853.4、662.5、523.2、17.8、-235.7 mm，全年覆盖降雨贮存效率分别为63.4%、42.4%、29.4%、23.0%、-8.5%、-20.3%，4年生枣树耗水区域为0～300 cm范围，刺槐耗水深度达1000 cm，枣树年均蒸散量为586.4 mm、刺槐为666.5 mm是枣树的1.1倍。该研究结果对黄土区大面积干化土壤修复及合理选择人工栽植植物具有积极意义。

 In order to explore the soil water recovery under deep ground cover in the loess hilly region, this study constructed a simulated soil column with depth of 1000 cm and diameter of 80 cm in the hilly hills of northern Shaanxi, and there were 6 treatments of surface: The film mulching was provided with 16 small holes with an asymmetric diameter of about 2 mm for rainwater to enter and regularly updated every year; the stone mulching was uniform graveled with diameter of 2 cm to 5 cm, covering a thickness of 10 cm; the branch mulching was cut jujube branches, the length was about 10 cm, evenly covered after drying, the thickness was 10 cm; bare land without any covered; planting jujube with a diameter of 1 cm and height of 50 cm, without any other covering measures, regularly removed weeds; planting locust with a diameter of 1 cm and a height of 50 cm, without any other covering measures, regularly removed weeds. Soil moisture content of sloping farmland as reference. Analysis of the positioning monitoring data for 2014-2017 shows that, at the end of the trial period:(1) Taking the average water content of sloping farmland as the recovery target the film mulching, stone mulching, branch mulching, bare soil moisture recovery depth of 1000、1000、700、480 cm; Taking the actual soil water content of sloping farmland as the recovery target, the film mulching and stone mulching soil moisture recovery depth is 1000 cm, the branch mulching recovery depth is 740 cm, and the bare land recovery depth is 440 cm. From the degree of recovery, the results are consistent. (2) the water storage capacity of film mulching, stone mulching, branch mulching, bare land, jujube tree and locust increased by 1211.4、853.4、662.5、523.2、17.8、-235.7 mm, respectively. The precipitation storage efficiency are 63.4%, 42.4%, 29.4%,23.0%, -8.5%, and -20.3%, respectively;(3) the water consumption area of 4rd jujube ranges from 0 to 300 cm, its annual average evapotranspiration is 586.4 mm, locust consumes water up to 1000 cm, its annual average evapotranspiration is 666.5 mm, 1.1 times of jujube. This study has positive significance for the large-area dry soil restoration in the loess area and the rational selection of artificially planted plants.