水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

降雨条件下坡面土壤养分伴随水土流失而流出田块，不仅降低土壤肥力，而且引起水环境污染。从坡面养分
迁移机理、数学模型模拟、控制措施3 个方面对国内外学者在坡面养分随地表径流迁移过程的研究进展进行回顾。
坡面养分迁移机理研究主要包括降雨特征、土壤特性、坡面特征、化学物质特征、耕作与施肥方式、地表覆盖及管理
控制措施等因子对坡面养分迁移的影响作用。数学模型主要包括经验模型、基于物理过程的理论模型。物理基础
模型基本上是在假设养分传递内在机制基础上建立的，包括混合层理论、对流扩散作用、雨滴击溅作用、水流冲刷
作用等。考虑到我国土壤侵蚀现象严重，坡面养分迁移过程受到土壤侵蚀作用的影响，因此针对防治土壤侵蚀而
提出了一些相关的控制养分迁移的措施。同时，对目前研究中存在的问题以及进一步需要深入研究的内容进行了
说明。

With the impact of rainfall，soil nutrient transported along soil particles and water into surface
runoff． It decreased soil fertility，polluted water resources in surface and ground，and then induced a
series of ecological environmental problems，which attracted more attentions of researchers at home and
abroad． The objectives of the study mainly focused on the development of both the mechanism and
controlling measures of soil nutrient transport proposed by researchers all over the world． For the
mechanism，the impact of different factors on soil nutrient transport was mainly discussed，and the
empirical models and physical based mathematical models were also discussed． Besides，all mentioned
physical based models were based on the inner mechanism of nutrient transfer，including the theory of
mixing depth，convection and dispersion，the impact of raindrop and water scouring． For the controlling
measures，methods protecting soil and nutrients from erosion and runoff were proposed with consideration
of serious erosion phenomenon in China． Meanwhile，the existed problem and further study work were
also discussed．