水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

基于长期定位试验，选取玉米 6 个关键生育期六叶期(V6)、十叶期(V10)、吐丝期(Ｒ1)、乳熟期
(Ｒ3)、蜡熟期(Ｒ5)、生理成熟期(Ｒ6)，比较了高产高效栽培模式(HH)与当地传统栽培模式(LT)之间春玉米氮素
吸收利用的差异。结果表明:(1) HH 模式的植株含氮量在 V6 期(39． 3 g·kg
－1 )显著高于 LT 模式(31． 9 g·
kg
－1 )，而在 V10 和 Ｒ1 期则显著低于 LT 模式;(2) HH 模式在各时期植株氮吸收量均显著高于 LT 模式，在 Ｒ1 期
前，各器官氮素累积量大小为叶片 ＞ 茎，Ｒ1 期后各器官氮素累积量大小为籽粒 ＞ 叶片 ＞ 茎 ＞ 苞叶、穗轴;(3) 两种
栽培模式下，氮素转移量和转移氮素贡献率均表现为叶片 ＞ 茎 ＞ 穗轴 ＞ 苞叶，但 HH 模式显著高于 LT 模式;(4)
HH 模式的籽粒产量(15 326 kg·hm
－2 )和氮肥偏生产力(61． 30 kg·kg －1 )极显著高于 LT 模式，但两种模式间氮
素收获指数和氮素利用率差异不显著。HH 模式可促进干物质生产和氮肥利用，是有效的黄土旱塬春玉米增产增
效栽培模式。

 In order to improve crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency，the research on different water and nitro-
gen management is needed，which provide some scientific basis for the construction of the high-yield and high-effi-
ciency spring maize cultivation system on the Loess Plateau． A long-term field experiment was designed and conduc-
ted in Changwu Agricultural and Ecological Experiment Station，and samples were taken at six key maize growing pe-
riods，namely，the 6th leaf stage (V6)，the 10th leaf stage (V10)，the silking stage (Ｒ1)，the milk stage (Ｒ3)，
the dent stage (Ｒ5) and the physiological maturity stage (Ｒ6))． The study is to establish the relation of the nitrogen
uptake and utilization in the high-yield and high-efficiency treatment (HH) in contrast with the local traditional treat-
ment (LT)． The results showed (1) Crop nitrogen content in HH (39．3 g·kg
－1 ) was significantly higher than in LT
(31．9 g·kg
－1 ) at the V6 stage，but significantly lower at the Ｒ1 and V10 stages． (2) Nitrogen uptake at each growing
stage in HH was significantly higher than that in LT，and the nitrogen accumulation in leaf was higher than that in stem
before the Ｒ1 stage，while it was in the descending order of kernel ＞leaf ＞stem ＞bract and cob after this stage． (3) The
nitrogen transfer amount and nitrogen transfer contribution rate in HH were significantly higher than those in LT，but the
both management patterns showed similar trend，that is，leaf ＞ stem ＞ cob ＞ bract． (4) The grain yield (15 326 kg·
hm
－2 ) and nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFP) (61．30 kg·kg －1 ) in HH was significantly higher than those in
LT，but there was no significant difference in the nitrogen harvest index (NHI) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)．
Consequently，the HH was effective in improving the amounts of accumulated dry matter and the nitrogen utilization． HH
could be a more effective approach to improving spring-sown maize yield on the Loess Plateau．