深层渗漏(D P )是水文循环的重要环节，准确评价 D P 对于分析水文循环规律，合理制定水资源规划和地下水
可持续利用具有重大意义，尤其是在水资源短缺的干旱-半干早地区，开展该项研究更具价值。目前，干旱-半干旱
地区 D P 的评价方法主要有经验方法、物理方法、示踪方法和数值模拟方法。由于经验系数需要校正，因而经验方法
应用到其他区域受到限制;物理方法又可分为蒸渗仪法、土壤水分通量法、水量平衡法、达西方法以及地下水位动
态监测法;示踪方法主要从示踪剂的峰值、剖面形状和总含量来计算 D P ，此方法不是对 D P 的直接测定，且没有考虑
示踪剂的空间变异;数值模拟理论上可对各种条件下的 D P 进行模拟和预测，但获取参数的难度较大。针对各方法
存在的优缺点，将现有评价方法相结合，相互验证，可提高模拟精度;鉴于 D P 的时空变异性，将现有方法与 GIS 等新
技术集成，可评价大尺度 D P 的空间异质性;同时，进行长时间序列的野外观测，既可直接获取 D P 的动态信息，也可
为各方法参数的获取提供数据支持。
其他摘要
Deep percolation (D P ) is termed as the movement of water from soil surface
to sufficient depths，usually below the root zone． It generally occurs when infiltrated water exceeds the
storage capacity of the soil and plays an vital role in hydrologic cycle． Accurate evaluation of the deep
percolation is crucial to analyze the processes of the hydrologic cycle． Furthermore，deep percolation is
pivotal for the management and rational development of groundwater resources，especially in arid and
semi-arid regions where water resources is deficient． ［Methods］This paper reviews several approaches
to assess deep percolation in arid and semi-arid regions，i． e． ，empirical，physical，tracer，and
numerical modelling． ［Ｒesults］ The principle，applicability，merits and drawbacks of the above-
mentioned four approaches are commented． Due to the empirical coefficient requires calibration，the
empirical approach is limited while it is applied in the other regions． Physical approach includes lysimeter method，soil water flux method，water balance method，Darcy method，and underground water-table
fluctuation method． The tracer approach is used to estimate deep percolation by the identification of peak
value，profile shape，and the amount of tracers，but this approach cannot directly measure the deep
percolation; moreover，the spatial variation in tracers is not considered in it． Theoretically，the approach
of numerical modelling can be used to estimate and predict the deep percolation under any circumstance．
Nevertheless，it is difficult to obtain the parameters that is necessary for the numerical modelling．
［Conclusions］Considering the advantages and disadvantages of each method，the integration of existing
evaluation methods and mutual verification of them can improve the precision of the simulation． Due to
the spatial and temporal variability of D P ，the integration of existing methods and GIS may evaluate the
spatial heterogeneity of D P at large scale． Simultaniously，long-term series of field observation may not
only acquire the dynamic information of D P ，but also provide the data support for the parameters of each
approach．
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