水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

水资源短缺是影响黄土高原雨养农业发展的关键性因素，雨水资源开发是缓解该地
区水资源短缺的有效措施．本研究利用管式TDＲ 系统监测21 年红富士老果园0 ～ 300 cm 土
层土壤含水率变化，分析了雨水集聚深层入渗( ＲWCI) 系统下黄土高原旱作山地果园土壤水
分时空分布特征．结果表明: ＲWCI 系统能够显著增加果园土壤含水率，特别是40 ～ 80 cm 土
层( 土壤含水率低值区) 土壤含水率，在该区域，不同设计深度( 40、60 和80 cm) ＲWCI 处理
( ＲWCI40、ＲWCI60
和ＲWCI80
) 年均土壤含水率分别较鱼鳞坑( CK) 处理提高75．3%、85．4%和
62．4%，分别较裸露坡地( BS) 处理提高39．2%、47．2%和29．1%．ＲWCI40、ＲWCI60
和ＲWCI80
处理
土壤水分入渗最大深度分别为80、120 和180 cm，显著深于CK 处理( 60 cm) ，其中土壤水分
变化幅度最大的土层分别主要发生在0～60、0～100 和0～120 cm．在果树整个生育期内，ＲWCI
处理土壤平均含水率( 0～300 cm) 以ＲWCI80
处理最大，其次是ＲWCI40
和ＲWCI60
处理．总体来
看，ＲWCI 系统是黄土高原实现雨水资源化和农业高效用水的有效措施．

Water scarcity is a critical factor influencing rain-fed agricultural production on the Loess
Plateau，and the exploitation of rainwater is an effective avenue to alleviate water scarcity in this
area． This study was conducted to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of soil moisture in
the 0－300 cm under a 21-year-old apple orchard with the rainwater collection and infiltration ( ＲWCI)
system by using a time domain reflectometer ( TDＲ) probe on the Loess Plateau． The results
showed that there was a low soil moisture zone in the 40－80 cm under the CK，and the ＲWCI system
significantly increased soil moisture in this depth interval． Over this depth，the annual average
soil moisture under ＲWCI40
，ＲWCI60 and ＲWCI80 was 39．2%，47．2% and 29．1% higher than that
of bare slope ( BS) and 75．3%，85．4% and 62．7% higher than that of CK，respectively． The maxi-mum infiltration depth of water under ＲWCI40
，ＲWCI60 and ＲWCI80 was 80 cm，120 cm and 180
cm，respectively，and the soil moisture in the 0－60，0－100 and 0－120 cm was more affected by
ＲWCI40
，ＲWCI60 and ＲWCI80
，respectively． Over the whole growth period of apple tree，the maximum
value of soil moisture content in the 0－300 cm existed in the ＲWCI80 treatment，followed by
the ＲWCI40 and ＲWCI60 treatments． Overall，the ＲWCI system is an effective meaning of transforming
rainwater to available water resources and realizing efficient use of agricultural water on the
Loess Plateau．