水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

植被恢复可以改善土壤的入渗能力，植被恢复方式不同及恢复进程中其土壤性质的改善对土壤水文特征的影
响程度也将影响到植被恢复的格局。为确定林地、草地植被恢复年限对土壤水分入渗特征的影响，以黄土丘陵区西
部官山林场退耕后栽植的刺槐林地、撂荒草地为对象，选取退耕年限为9 年、15 年、25 年的林地、草地。于2014 年5
月对各样地的原状土土柱进行定水头入渗，比较不同退耕年限林地、草地的入渗性能和湿润锋穿透60 cm 土柱的时
间，并分析影响入渗特性的因素。结果表明: 退耕年限为25 年林地的土壤稳定入渗率、平均入渗率、前120 min 累积
入渗量、湿润锋到达60 cm 土柱的时间分别为1. 86， 2. 60 mm/min， 387. 82 mm， 23. 00 min; 退耕年限为15 年林地分别为
1. 38， 1. 90 mm/min， 288. 88 mm， 35. 33 min; 退耕年限为9 年林地分别为0. 35， 1. 03 mm/min， 194. 50 mm， 40. 00 min; 退耕
年限为25 年草地分别为3. 17， 3. 17 mm/min， 386. 43 mm， 24. 00 min; 退耕年限为15 年草地分别为1. 86， 2. 60 mm/min，
387. 82 mm， 34. 33 min; 退耕年限为9 年草地分别为1. 86， 2. 60 mm/min， 387. 82 mm， 38. 33 min。6 种样地的土壤入渗过
程均能用通用模型进行高精度拟合。各样地土壤入渗速率与土壤有机质、＞ 0. 25 mm 水稳性团聚体含量呈正相关关
系，与土壤密度呈负相关关系。土壤入渗能力随退耕年限增加而增强，退耕还草比退耕还林更有利于土壤入渗能力
增强。因此建议在水资源有限的黄土区以退耕还草为主以促进更多的降雨就地入渗。

Effects of forestland and
grassland restoration process on soil infiltration characteristics in loess hilly region． Journal of
Beijing Forestry University ( 2017) 39( 1) 62--69 ［Ch，28 ref．］
1 Institute of Soil and Water Conservation，Northwest A＆F University，Yangling，Shaanxi，712100，P．
Ｒ． China;
2 Institute of Soil and Water Conservation，Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water
Ｒesources，Yangling，Shaanxi，712100，P． Ｒ． China．
Vegetation restoration can improve the soil infiltration capacity，the way and process of the vegetation
restoration affect the soil properties in soil hydrological characteristics， and it will determine the
distribution of vegetation restoration． In this paper，sites with different restoration types ( secondary
acacia forestland，secondary grassland) and the forestland and grassland whose vegetation restoration
years were 9，15 and 25 located in Guanshan Forest Farm in the west of loess hilly region were chosen as
research objects． We aimed to illustrate the effects of vegetation restoration types and years on the
hydraulic conductivity，the wetting front penetration time of 60 cm column and analyze the factors
affecting the infiltration characteristics in soil layer of 0--60 cm using the constant head infiltration of
undisturbed soil columns in May 2014． The results showed that: 1) the stable infiltration rate，mean
infiltration rate，accumulative infiltration amount in 120 minutes and the wetting front penetration time of
60 cm column in the site of 25 years vegetation restoration forestland were 1. 86，2. 60 mm/min，387. 82
mm，23. 00 min，respectively; in the 15 years vegetation restoration forestland，they were 1. 38，1. 90mm/min，288. 88 mm，35. 33 min; in the 9 years vegetation restoration forestland，they were 0. 35，1. 03
mm/min，194. 50 mm，40. 00 min． Comparatively，these values were 3. 17，3. 17 mm/min，386. 43 mm，
24. 00 min in 25 years vegetation restoration grassland; 1. 86，2. 60 mm/min，387. 82 mm，34. 33 min in
the 15 years vegetation restoration grassland，and 1. 86，2. 60 mm/min，387. 82 mm，38. 33 min in 9 years
vegetation restoration grassland． 2 ) Additionally，the universal empirical model was fitted to the
undisturbed soil columns infiltration process of all the six experimental area． 3) The soil infiltration rate
was positively correlated with the organic matter content and the ＞ 0. 25 mm water-stable aggregates
content，while was negatively correlated with the bulk density． In conclusion，soil infiltration capacity
was enhanced with the restoration years increased; at the same restoration year，soil infiltration capacity
of the grassland performed better than that of the forestland，so it is recommended to increase the
secondary grassland to improve the soil rainfall infiltration rate on the loess hilly region area，where the
water resource is limited．