ISWC OpenIR  > 水保所知识产出(1956---)
粗质地土壤坡度和前期含水量对土壤侵蚀的影响
游 微1,2; 樊 军1; 魏修彬1,2; 杜梦鸽3; 胡锦昇1,2
2017
发表期刊水土保持学报
卷号31期号:4页码:18-24
摘要

利用野外模拟降雨试验,研究了粗质地土壤裸地和苜蓿地在不同坡度( 5° ,
15° , 25° )、不同前期含水量
(低、中、高)条件下坡面降雨产流、产沙的过程及其特征,以此探究该区退耕还草效益。结果表明: 3 种坡度
条件下裸地和苜蓿地的产流过程在不同前期含水量下均为先增大后趋于稳定,不同坡度之间的径流量差
异不显著,但泥沙流失量随着坡度的增大而显著增加,在降雨过程中先增大达到峰值趋于稳定波动,裸地
的波动幅度大于苜蓿地。 2 种处理的前期含水量对径流量以及平均入渗率的影响均达显著水平,裸地在相
同的坡度下,前期含水量由低水平增加到中水平、低水平增加到高水平,径流量分别增加 38.2%~52.8% ,
39.7%~42.8% ,苜蓿地径流量分别增加 27.3%~77.8% , 45.5%~91.1% 。坡度对泥沙流失量及含沙率
影响显著,在相同的前期含水量下,裸地由 5° 增加到 15° , 15° 增加到 25° 的泥沙流失量分别增加 96.3%~
268.7% , 6.9%~40.3% ,苜蓿地的泥沙流失量分别增加 81.1%~384.2% , 61.7%~169.9% 。在相同坡
度和前期含水量下,苜蓿地的径流量和泥沙流失量均显著低于裸地。研究结果表明粗质地土壤前期含水
量和坡度显著影响坡地土壤侵蚀过程和总量,植被不但因为冠层拦截而减少径流,而且因为耗水量增加,
降低了土壤前期含水量而减水减沙。

其他摘要

: Through the simulated rainfall experiment , the effects of slope and antecedent soil water content on the
process of rainfall runoff and sediment on bare land and alfalfa land of coarse texture soil were investigated.The
experiment treatment included three slopes ( 5° , 15°and 25° ) and three antecedent soil water content ( low ,
middle and high ) .The results showed that the processes of runoff on bare land and alfalfa land were at first
increased and then leveled - off under different slopes and antecedent soil water content , and the effects of
slopes on runoff volume were marginal.Sediment losses were greatly  increased with the increasing  slopes ,
which were increased firstly  and then tended to be stable , and also greater changes occurred in bare land.
Both of the runoff volume and the mean infiltration were significantly  affected by  antecedent soil water
content.Under the same slope gradient , when antecedent soil water content increased from low to middle ,
and from low to high , the runoff volume of bare land increased 38.2%~52.8% , and 39.7%~42.8% , respectively ,
while the runoff volume of alfalfa land increased 27.3%~77.8% and 45.5%~91.1% , respectively.Slopes
had significant influences on sediment losses and sediment concentration.Under the same antecedent soil
water content , when slope increased from 5°to 15° , and from 15°to 25° , the sediment losses of bare land
increased 96.3%~268.7% , and 6.9%~40.3% , respectively , whereas the corresponding  values of alfalfa
land increased 81.1%~384.2% , and 61.7%~169.9% , respectively.The results showed runoff volume and
sediment losses of alfalfa land were significantly  lower than bare land at same slope and antecedent soil water
content.The findings indicate that antecedent soil water content and slope of coarse texture soil play  important roles  on the process and amount of soil erosion.The vegetation not only  reduces runoff by  canopy  interception ,
but also decreases antecedent soil water content through consuming  soil moisture.

关键词黄土高原 人工模拟降雨 径流 泥沙流失
语种中文
文献类型期刊论文
条目标识符sbir.nwafu.edu.cn/handle/361005/8371
专题水保所知识产出(1956---)
作者单位1.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西 杨凌 712100
2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
3.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西 杨凌 712100
第一作者单位中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
游 微,樊 军,魏修彬,等. 粗质地土壤坡度和前期含水量对土壤侵蚀的影响[J]. 水土保持学报,2017,31(4):18-24.
APA 游 微,樊 军,魏修彬,杜梦鸽,&胡锦昇.(2017).粗质地土壤坡度和前期含水量对土壤侵蚀的影响.水土保持学报,31(4),18-24.
MLA 游 微,et al."粗质地土壤坡度和前期含水量对土壤侵蚀的影响".水土保持学报 31.4(2017):18-24.
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