黄土区坡耕地耕作对浅沟径流产沙及其形态发育特征的影响

doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.15.016

ISWC OpenIR > 水保所科研产出（EI） > 2015年EI

	黄土区坡耕地耕作对浅沟径流产沙及其形态发育特征的影响
其他题名	Effect of tillage on runoff and sediment yields and morphology development characteristic of ephemeral gully in loessial region
	郭明明 1; 王文龙 1,2; 李建明 1,3; 朱宝才 1,4; 史倩华 1; 康宏亮 1; 李艳富 5; 李垚林 6
文章类型	article
	2015-08-01
发表期刊	Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报)
通讯作者邮箱	st_gmm@163.com
卷号	31 期号:15 页码:114-123
其他摘要	为研究耕作对浅沟径流产沙及形态发育特征的影响，在野外调查的基础上，设计坡度（ 15°、 20°、 25°）、雨强（ 1.0、1.5、 2.0 mm/min）及放水流量（ 7.53～23.45 L/min） 3 个处理，采用室内模拟降雨和放水冲刷的方法，测定了不同处理下浅沟径流量、产沙量。结果表明： 1） 2 种浅沟水流均为紊流，耕作使浅沟水流雷诺数和弗劳德数分别减小 0.95%~30.77%、2.64%～39.14%，阻力系数和糙率系数分别增加 4.01%～58.82%、 0.88%～27.87%； 2）试验条件下，耕作使浅沟土壤剥蚀率增大 9.48%～37.87%，未耕作与耕作浅沟土壤剥蚀率分别与坡度—流量交互作用、雨强—坡度交互作用呈极显著线性关系，土壤剥蚀率与径流剪切力、径流功率及单位径流功率均呈显著的线性关系，未耕作浅沟发生剥蚀的临界剪切力、临界功率及临界单位径流功率分别为 17.576 N/m2、 5.036 W/(m2·s)、 0.0381 m/s，耕作浅沟为 10.585 N/m2、 3.544 W/(m2·s)、0.0277 m/s； 3）耕作使浅沟宽度增加 1.98%～31.79%，浅沟面积增大 0.84%～32.03%，下切深度降低 2.82%～26.67%； 4）耕作使浅沟土壤侵蚀量增加 0.91%～22.80%，未耕作和耕作浅沟土壤侵蚀量分别占坡面土壤侵蚀总量的 44.09%～74.16%和 42.44%～56.44%，与雨强—流量交互作用均呈极显著的线性函数关系。结果可为该区浅沟侵蚀预测模型的建立及农业生态环境安全与保护提供科学依据。 ; In the hill-gully area of the Loess Plateau, serious man-made soil and water loss occurs in disturbed soils of sloping farmlands formed in the process of tillage operation. Frequent farming activities cause ephemeral gullies to develop continuously on sloping farmlands. Although an ephemeral gully may be refilled and rehabilitated, new ephemeral gully may develop in the original position in next rainy season. An indoor flow scouring experiment under artificially simulated rainfall was carried out in the State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Agriculture on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, China in July 2014. The effects of tillage treatments on runoff and sediment yielding in ephemeral gully and its morphology were investigated at different rainfall intensities and slope degrees under the condition of upslope concentrated flow. Based on preliminary field investigations, 3 slope degrees of 15°, 20° and 25° were selected. Rainfall intensity was designed at 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm/min. Flow discharges were 7.53 to 23.45 L/min. Plots of 8 m×1m were laid out for experiments and 3 flow sections were set up for runoff and sediment measurements. Before each test, rainfall intensity was calibrated repeatedly until the rainfall uniformity coefficient reached 85% or above. During each test, flow velocity was measured with dye tracing method and flow width and depth were measured with point gauge system. Runoff sample was taken once a minute within 3 minutes before runoff generation, and once 3 minutes after runoff generation. The results showed that: 1) Flow regimes for non-tilled and tilled ephemeral gullies were characterized by turbulent flow; Tillage could decrease Reynolds number and Froude number by 0.95%-30.77% and 3.41%-35.66%, and increase Darcy-Weisbach coefficient and Manning roughness coefficient by 4.01%-58.82% and 0.88%-27.87%, respectively; and 2) Compared to non-tilled ephemeral gully, the soil detachment rate for tilled ephemeral gully increased by 9.48%-37.87% under the experimental condition; The soil detachment rates for non-tillage and tillage ephemeral gullies were in a very significantly linear relationship with the interaction of slope and flow discharge, and the interaction of rainfall intensity and slope; It was also significantly linearly correlated with flow shear stress, stream power and unit stream power; Critical shear stress, stream power and unit stream power was 17.576 N/m2, 5.036 W/(m2·s) and 0.0381 m/s, respectively for non-tillage ephemeral gully, and 10.585 N/m2, 3.544 W/(m2·s) and 0.0277 m/s, respectively for tillage ephemeral gully; 3) Compared to non-tillage ephemeral gully, the eroded width and area of tilled ephemeral gully increased by 1.98%-31.79% and 0.84%-32.03%, respectively, but the incised depth was reduced by 2.82%-26.67%; 4) The soil erosion mass for ephemeral gully increased from 0.91% to 22.80% due to tillage treatment; The ratios of soil erosion mass for tillage and non-tillage ephemeral gullies to the total soil erosion mass were 35.95%-57.72% and 42.68%-69.03%, respectively. The erosion masses for non-tillage and tillage ephemeral gullies were a significantly linear function of the interaction of rainfall intensity and flow discharge. This study may provide valuble information for the construction of an ephemeral gully erosion model and the security and protection of agricultural eco-environment.
关键词	耕作(Cultivatio) 径流(Runoff) 产沙(Sediments) 黄土区(Loessial Region) 坡耕地(Sloping Farmland) 浅沟(Ephemeral Gully) 形态特征(Morphological Characteristic)
DOI	10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.15.016
收录类别	EI
语种	中文
资助项目	国家自然科学基金 ; 中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目
所属项目编号	40471080、 41301299 ; KZZD-EW-04-03
分类号	S157.1(中图分类号)
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	sbir.nwafu.edu.cn/handle/361005/7735
专题	水保所科研产出（EI）_2015年EI
通讯作者	王文龙
作者单位	1.西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室，杨凌 712100； 2.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所，杨凌 712100 3.长江科学院水土保持研究所，武汉 430010 4.山西农业大学林学院，太谷 030801 5.南京水利科学研究院，南京 210029 6.黄河水利委员会西峰水土保持科学试验站，庆阳 745000
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	郭明明,王文龙,李建明,等. 黄土区坡耕地耕作对浅沟径流产沙及其形态发育特征的影响[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2015,31(15):114-123.
APA	郭明明.,王文龙.,李建明.,朱宝才.,史倩华.,...&李垚林.(2015).黄土区坡耕地耕作对浅沟径流产沙及其形态发育特征的影响.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),31(15),114-123.
MLA	郭明明,et al."黄土区坡耕地耕作对浅沟径流产沙及其形态发育特征的影响".Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报) 31.15(2015):114-123.

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