降雨和地形因子对黑土坡面土壤侵蚀过程的影响

doi:10． 6041 /j． issn． 1000-1298． 2015． 04． 022

ISWC OpenIR > 水保所科研产出（EI） > 2015年EI

	降雨和地形因子对黑土坡面土壤侵蚀过程的影响
其他题名	Effects of rainfall and topography on soil erosion processes of black soil hillslope
	李桂芳 1,2; 郑粉莉 1,3; 卢嘉 3; 安娟 4
文章类型	article
	2015-04-25
发表期刊	Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery(农业机械学报)
通讯作者邮箱	flzh@ ms． iswc． ac． cn
卷号	46 期号:4 页码:147-154 and 182
摘要	通过室内模拟降雨试验，研究降雨强度和地形因子(坡度和坡长)对黑土区坡面土壤侵蚀过程的影响。试验处理包括 2 个降雨强度(50、 100 mm /h)，2 个坡度(5°、 10°)，2 个坡长(5、 10 m)。结果表明:不同试验处理条件下，当降雨强度由 50 mm /h 增加到 100 mm /h，坡面径流量增加 1. 4 ～ 12. 4 倍;当坡长由 5 m 增加到 10 m，坡面径流量增加 0. 1 ～ 3. 1 倍;坡度对坡面径流量的影响较复杂，受降雨强度和坡长的综合影响。降雨强度、坡度和坡长皆对坡面侵蚀量有重要影响。当降雨强度由 50 mm /h 增加到 100 mm /h 时，坡面侵蚀量增加 4. 2 倍;当坡度由 5°增加到10°时，侵蚀量增加 0. 4 倍;当坡长由 5 m 增加到 10 m 时，侵蚀量增加 0. 5 倍，表明降雨强度增加对黑土区坡面侵蚀量影响最大。而当降雨强度、坡度和坡长均增大时，坡面侵蚀量增加 18. 0 倍，说明这 3 个因素交互作用对坡面侵蚀的影响远大于各因素的单独影响或 2 个因素交互作用的影响。坡面径流量与降雨强度的关系最密切，其次是降雨强度-坡长交互作用和降雨强度-坡度-坡长交互作用;坡面侵蚀量与降雨强度-坡度-坡长交互作用的相关关系最显著，其次是降雨强度和降雨强度-坡长交互作用。分别建立了坡面径流量和侵蚀量与降雨强度、坡度和坡长的经验关系式。
其他摘要	Studying hillslope soil erosion processes in the black soil region is of great importance to black soil conservation and national grain production security． A rainfall simulation study was conducted to examine the effects of rainfall intensity and topography (slope gradient and slope length) on hillslope soil erosion processes． The experimental treatments included two rainfall intensities (50 and 100 mm /h) of representative erosive rainfalls in the black soil region， two common slope gradients (5° and 10°) and two slope lengths (5 and 10 m)． Each treatment had two replications． The results showed that runoff was increased by 1. 4 ～ 12. 4 times and 0. 1 ～ 3. 1 times， respectively， when rainfall intensity or slope length was increased under different treatments． Effects of slope gradient on runoff were complex， which were affected by both rainfall intensity and slope length．Ｒainfall intensity， slope gradient and slope length had important effects on hillslope soil loss． Soil loss was increased by 4. 2 times when rainfall intensity was increased from 50 mm /h to 100 mm /h， and it was increased by 0. 4 times for increasing slope gradient from 5° to 10° and 0. 5 times for increasing slope length from 5 m to 10 m， which indicated that rainfall intensity had the most significant effects on hillslope soil loss． When rainfall intensity， slope gradient and slope length were increased simultaneously， soil loss was increased by 18. 0 times， which suggested that the comprehensive effects of three factors were much greater than those of each single factor or the combination of two factors．Ｒunoff had the strongest correlation with rainfall intensity， followed by coupling effects of rainfall intensity-slope length and coupling effects of rainfall intensity-slope gradientslope length． Soil loss had the strongest correlation with coupling effects of rainfall intensity-slope gradient-slope length， followed by rainfall intensity and coupling effects of rainfall intensity-slope length． According to these observed data， the empirical equations for predicting runoff and soil loss were also established．
关键词	黑土坡面 (Black Soil Hillslope) 土壤侵蚀 (Soil Erosion) 降雨强度 (Ｒainfall Intensity) 坡度 (Slope Gradient) 坡长 ( Slope Length)
DOI	10． 6041 /j． issn． 1000-1298． 2015． 04． 022
收录类别	EI
语种	中文
资助项目	国家自然科学基金资助项目
所属项目编号	41271299
分类号	S157(中图分类号)
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	sbir.nwafu.edu.cn/handle/361005/7734
专题	水保所科研产出（EI）_2015年EI
通讯作者	郑粉莉
作者单位	1.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100 2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049 3.西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所，陕西杨凌 712100 4.临沂大学水土保持与环境保育研究所，临沂 276005
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	李桂芳,郑粉莉,卢嘉,等. 降雨和地形因子对黑土坡面土壤侵蚀过程的影响[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery(农业机械学报),2015,46(4):147-154 and 182.
APA	李桂芳,郑粉莉,卢嘉,&安娟.(2015).降雨和地形因子对黑土坡面土壤侵蚀过程的影响.Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery(农业机械学报),46(4),147-154 and 182.
MLA	李桂芳,et al."降雨和地形因子对黑土坡面土壤侵蚀过程的影响".Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery(农业机械学报) 46.4(2015):147-154 and 182.

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