【目的】探讨降水、施肥与旱地小麦产量和吸肥特性的关系,为不同降水年型小麦的合理施肥提供依据。【方法】以"长武134"为供试材料,通过定位试验,以不施肥为对照,研究不同降水年型(干旱年、常态年、丰水年)下长期不同施肥处理(氮磷有机肥配施(NPM)、氮磷肥配施(NP)、单施有机肥(M)、单施氮肥(N)、单施磷肥(P))对小麦产量和养分吸收特性的影响。【结果】在不同降水年型下,NPM处理的增产效果显著,增产幅度为258.9%～300.0%;M处理在干旱年、常态年、丰水年分别增产172.4%,211.1%和262.2%;NPM处理氮、磷、钾的平均吸收量最高,在丰水年M处理小麦籽粒吸氮量、吸磷量、吸钾量分别较NP处理提高了85.0%,84.8%,40.6%。【结论】在不同降水年型下,合理施肥均能使小麦产量大幅度增加;有机肥在促进作物养分吸收方面作用显著。; 【Objective】The relationship between precipitation,fertilization,wheat yield and nutrients uptake were investigated to propose a rational way of fertilization under different precipitation years.【Method】Based on a long-term fertilizer experiment with fixed site on continuous wheat in Changwu,Shaanxi Province,the effect of long-term different fertilizer application,the wheat yield and nutrients uptake characters were compared with the treatment of no fertilizer(CK).Different fertilizer treatments were unferti...
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