水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

通过作物秸秆粉碎还田来改良土壤结构，这是提高土壤水分和养分的保蓄能力
和有效性，减少土壤水分无效消耗，节省化肥用量，实现节水节肥及作物高效增产
的重要途径之一。本研究选用西农9871、荔高6 号、闫麦9710、陕139、衡观35、
中原98-68、小偃22 等7 个冬小麦品种，通过邻比试验，研究了秸秆粉碎与化肥混
施 (S)和常规施肥(R)对不同品种冬小麦耗水、产量、水分利用效率的影响。取得主
要研究结果如下：
1、秸秆粉碎与化肥混施与常规施肥条件下不同品种冬小麦总耗水量相近。同
一肥料措施下不同冬小麦品种间棵间蒸发量差异不显著。秸秆粉碎与化肥混施对棵
间蒸发的抑制效果明显，抑制蒸发率在8.02%～11.60%之间，即可能使12mm 左右
的棵间土壤蒸发由无效耗水转化为作物蒸腾水。冬小麦冬春干旱期间秸秆粉碎与化
肥混施措施可以影响到0～60cm 范围内的土壤含水量，对土壤水分蒸散也有一定的
抑制作用。
2、秸秆粉碎与化肥混施促进了冬小麦的出苗和分蘖，有效增加冬小麦的地上
部生物量，提高了冬小麦的成穗比例，但穗重有所降低。秸秆粉碎与化肥混施主要
通过提高单位面积穗数与千粒重来影响冬小麦产量，冬小麦产量和水分利用效率高
于常规施肥，增幅分别在5.44%～13.14%和 4.91%～10.72%之间。
3、在秸秆粉碎与化肥混施条件下，发现小偃22 在冬春干旱期间抗旱效果较好，
另外6 个品种次之。西农9871、荔高六号、陕139 和中原98-68 的分蘖能力强于小
偃22；西农9871、中原98-68 和小偃22 的产量和水分利用效率高于其它品种。

Through comminuted crop straw to improve soil structure, which is an important way of achieving high
yield and saving water and fertilizer. it can enhance the holding capability and effectiveness of soil
moisture and nutrient, reduce soil evaporation and invalid consumption of crop water, and reduce fertilizer
usage. The differences of water consumption of winter wheat were studied at its growth stages under
the treatments of chemical fertilizer combined comminuted straw and current chemical fertilizer with
seven different varieties including winter wheat “xinong9871”, “ligao6”, “yanmai9710”, “shaan139”,
“hengguan35”, “zhongyuan98-68” and “xiaoyan22”. And the effects of S on wheat yield and
water-use efficiency were investigated among seven varieties of winter wheat. The main conclusions
are listed as follows:
1. The total water consumption was similar among different varieties of winter wheat under the
condition of chemical fertilizer combined comminuted straw and current chemical fertilizer. The soil
evaporation of winter wheat at their growth stages，with seven different varieties of winter wheat, had
no significantly difference under the same treatment. The soil evaporation of different winter wheat
varieties was inhibited significantly by chemical fertilizer combined comminuted straw, and the ratios
of restraining soil evaporation ranged from 8.02% to11.60%. The amount of evaporation about 12mm
was translated into transpiration owing to the use of chemical fertilizer combined comminuted straw.
The soil moisture of farmland from the surface to 60cm was affected by chemical fertilizer combined
comminuted straw under winter drought. In addition, the evaporation of chemical fertilizer combined
comminuted straw was less than that of current chemical fertilizer during winter drought.
2. The germination and tillering of winter wheat were promoted by the technology of chemical
fertilizer combined comminuted straw, the biomass of winter wheat was increased effectively, and the
promotion of wheat spikes per unit area was increased through it. But the weight of the first spike was
lower. The yield of winter wheat was enhanced by the technology of chemical fertilizer combined
comminuted straw mainly through improvement of wheat spikes and grain weight per unit area. The yield
ABSTRACT
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and water use efficiency in treatment of chemical fertilizer combined comminuted straw were,
respectively, 5.44%～13.14% and 4.91%～10.72% higher than the treatment of current chemical
fertilizer.
3. Under the treatment of chemical fertilizer combined comminuted straw with seven varieties
of winter wheat, xiaoyan22 was the best among the winter wheat varieties according to the
degree of water consumption and the effect of drought resistance, and drought resistance
of xiaoyan22 was better than that of the rest. Tillering ability of winter wheat “xinong9871”,
“ligao6”,“sha’an139” and “zhongyuan98-68” were stronger than that of “xiaoyan22”, but yield and
water use efficiency of winter wheat “xi nong9871”,”zhongyuan98-68” and “xiaoyan22” were the
highest among seven varieties.