Quercus liaotungensis is one of the dominant tree species in broadleaved deciduous forests of China.The authors conducted a 26-year monitoring to study seed quality declining,the relationship between seed germination and environmental condition,the dynamics of spatio-temporal distribution of seedlings,and their effects on forest regeneration in the Ziwuling region of northwestern China.Results showed that on the three types of slope aspects(semi-sunny,semi-shady,shady),the number of seeds eaten and infested...
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