| 其他摘要 | Under the background of land-use change research changing from global scale to pertinence regional scale, research of land-use ecological effects on village scale of typical region had been an important direction of land–use change. Loess Hilly-Gully Region had serious soil and water loss, so our country implemented project of returning cropland to forest. Choosing typical region of suitable scale, influences on land-use of returning cropland to forest project were analyzed, the relationship between land-use and eco-environment effect was evaluated quantitatively, and sustainable land-use pattern was explored. These had important research value.Thus, under the background of national construction of new socialist countryside and the arrival of returning farmland subsidy term, taking typical Loess Hilly-Gully Region─Zhaozhuang Village as study area, land-use change was analyzed. And the integral ecological effects of land-use change were analyzed from aspects of landscape pattern and ecological service function. The main results were as follows:1. There were great changes in land-use structure and direction of researching area, the decreasing of farmland and increasing of unused land were the main types. The diversity level of land-use structure was high. The difference between the diversification indices of land–use types was not significant; it increased firstly, and then decreased. Forest land and shrubby grassland were the chief land-use types, the concentrative degree of land-use tended to be decentralized.Annual changing rate of all land-use types had great differences in 3 periods (2000-2003; 2003-2006; 2000-2006).Unused land、residential-constructed land、forest land and shrubby grassland increased in varying degrees, their dynamic degrees were 43.92%、15.35%、0.33%、0.17%,respectively; but farmland、orchard and water area decreased in different degrees, their dynamic degrees were 7.45%、3.79%、0.20%, respectively. The trends of farmland、orchard and water area were dropping while the trends of unused land、residential-constructed land、forest land and shrubby grassland were raising. The changes of land use patterns were: the areas of farmland and orchard decreased while the areas of unused land and residential-constructed land increased. There were 8 types of land-use changes mostly involved. Its display generally was: farmland and orchard were out, unused land and residential -constructed land were in. Pursuing comparative economic benefit of the peasant was one of the main driving forces of farmland reduction in Zhaozhuang Village.2. The patch numbers and patch density increased while the mean patch area decreased during the researching period.The number of water area patch kept invariant, and the numbers of orchard、forest land、shrubby grassland、residential-constructed land and unused land increased while the number of farmland decreased.The patch structures of farmland、orchard、water area decreased while others increased. The patch density of residential-constructed land and unused land decreased while others presented a trend of increase. Compared with index of patch density, index of average patch area presented reverse trend.The difference between landscape heterogeneity of two periods was significant, and its change was: the dominance index and deviation index decreased when the indexes of diversity, evenness and fragmentation increased to some extent. With the policy of returning cropland to forest implementing, land-use landscape pattern of the study area had changed much during the past 6 years. The whole situation of eco-environment was improving; the income was increasing slightly; the industrial structure was trending reasonably. Its main characteristics was: the percent of sideline increased while the percents of planting industry、breeding industry and fruit-vegetable industry decreased. And peasant income mainly came from sideline and fruit-vegetable industry.3. As the land-use of study area had changed to some extent during the past 6 years, the total ESV was decreasing. The ESVs of unused land、residential-constructed land、forest land and shrubby grassland increased while the ESVs of farmland、orchard and water area decreased. And eight types of ecosystem services function were decreasing while recreation and culture were increasing. The analysis on the CS indicated that the coefficient of ESV adopted was inelasticity, the result was reliable, and the ecosystem services value coefficients was suitable. According to changing characteristics of ESV, land-use structure should be pertinently adjusted.4. The land-use change of Zhaozhuang Village had brought much better ecological effects, and the whole ecological benefits of land-use were increasing continuously during the researching period. |
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