水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

Soil bacterial community structure, enzyme activities and their relationships to soil carbon and nitrogen in
response to long-term fertilization remain poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to
evaluate soil carbon and nitrogen fractions, enzyme activity, and bacterial community structure at 0–15, 15–30,
and 30–60 cm depths after 34-yr of continuous application of manure and inorganic fertilizers. The study had a
randomized complete block design with six treatments and three replications. Treatments were inorganic ni-
trogen fertilizer only (N), nitrogen plus phosphrous fertilizers (NP), manure (M), nitrogen plus manure (NM),
nitrogen plus phosphorus plus manure (NPM), and unfertilized control (CK) in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum
L.) monoculture system. Most soil carbon and nitrogen fractions at 0–15 and 15–30 cm were greater with M, NM,
and NPM, and winter wheat yield was greater with NPM than other treatments. The NPM increased β-glucosi-
dase, β-xylosidase, and β-N-acetylglucosidase compared to other treatments at all depths. Soil bacterial Shannon
index was similar among treatments at 0–15 and 15–30 cm and lower in N and NP than other treatments at
30–60 cm. Compared to CK, inorganic and manure fertilization increased relative abundances of Gemmatimo-
nadetes and Bacteroidetes but decreased those of Nitrospirae, Planctomycetes, and Latescibacteria. Increases in soil
enzyme activities and bacterial communities after long-term application of inorganic N and P fertilizers and
manure was related to increased substrate availability. Overall, a combination of chemical fertilizers and manure
can enhance soil health and quality through increased soil organic matter component, enzyme activity, and
bacterial abundance.