水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

以坡地农田生态系统长期定位试验(1995—2019 年)为基础，选取裸地(LD)、对照(CK，不施肥)、单施
氮肥(N1、N2 处理分别为:尿素 55．2、110．4 kg·hm
－2
)、氮磷肥配施(N1P、N2P 处理分别为:尿素 + 过磷酸钙 55．2+90、
110．4+90 kg·hm
－2
)6 个处理，研究长期施肥对土壤质量、谷子产量的影响。结果表明:(1)与 CK 相比，长期单施氮
肥土壤碱解氮含量提高了 24．81% ～39．92%;长期氮磷肥配施土壤有机碳、全磷、碱解氮和有效磷含量分别提高了
7．82%～16．81%、58．18%、21．59%～22．89%、450．5%～660．3%，土壤 pH 值降低了 0．04～0．08。(2)与 CK 相比，长期单
施氮肥碱性磷酸酶(AP)活性提高了 13．34%～19．43%;长期氮磷平衡施肥土壤的 β －1，4－N－ 乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶与
亮氨酸氨基肽酶(NAG+LAP)、葡萄糖苷酶(βG)活性分别显著提高了 16．76%～71．01%、47．12%～59．94%。与裸地相
比，长期轮作种植作物使 βG、LAP+NAG、AP 活性显著提高了 68．74% ～342．42%，N1P 处理下酶化学计量比最接近
1 ∶ 1 ∶ 1稳态。(3)与 CK 相比，N1P 处理谷子生物量和产量增加了 105．25%～230．05%。谷子产量与土壤全磷、有效
磷呈极显著正相关，而与土壤 pH 值呈显著负相关。总之，长期施肥能显著提高黄土丘陵区坡耕地土壤质量和谷子
产量，低氮磷配施(N1P)效果最好。

 Based on the long-term positioning experiment of sloping farmland ecosystem (1995－2019)，bare
land (LD)，control (CK，no fertilization)，single application of nitrogen fertilizer (N1，N2: urea 55．2 kg·hm
－2
and 110．4 kg·hm
－2
)，and combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus (N1P，N2P: urea + superphosphate
55．2+90 kg·hm
－2
and 110．4+90 kg·hm
－2
) of 6 treatments were designed to research the effect of long-term ferti-
lization on soil quality and millet yield． The results showed that: (1) Compared with CK，the long-term single ap-
plication of nitrogen fertilizer increased the soil alkaline nitrogen content by 24．81%～39．92%． The long-term com-
bined application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers increased the soil organic carbon，total phosphorus，alkaline
nitrogen，and available phosphorus content by 7．82%～16．81%，58．18%，21．59%～22．89%，and 450．5%～660．3%，
and the soil pH decreased by 0．04～0．08 units． (2) Compared with CK，long-term single application of nitrogen
fertilizer alkaline phosphatase (AP) enzyme activity increased by 13．34%～19．43%． In the long-term nitrogen andphosphorus balanced fertilization soil，the enzyme activities of β －1，4－N－acetylglucosaminidase and leucine amin-
opeptidase (NAG+LAP)，and glucosidase (βG) were significantly increased by 16．76% ～ 71．01%，47．12% ～
59．94%，respectively． Planting millet significantly increased the activities of βG，LAP+NAG，and AP by 68．74%
～342．42%． The stoichiometric ratio of enzyme in N1P treatment was closest to the steady state of 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 1．
(3) Compared with CK，the biomass and yield of millet under N1P treatment increased by 105．25% ～230．05%．
The yield of millet was significantly positively correlated with soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus，and
significantly negatively correlated with soil pH． In short，long-term fertilization significantly improved the soil
quality and millet yield of slope farmland in loess hilly areas，and the best outcome came from low nitrogen and
phosphorus combined application (N1P)．