水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

为了探讨干旱胁迫下不同基因型小麦干物质转运特性及其对产量形成的影响，以二倍体野生一粒小麦
(T． boeoticum)、栽培一粒小麦(T． monococcum)、四倍体野生二粒小麦(T． dicoccoides)、栽培二粒小麦(T． dicoccon)和
2 个六倍体小麦品种为材料。在充分供水(田间持水量的 75% ～80%)和干旱(田间持水量的 50% ～55%)两种水分
处理下，测定分析了不同基因型小麦花前干物质转运、花后干物质积累、运输能力、抗氧化防御能力及籽粒产量和产
量构成等性状的变化，探究不同基因型小麦干物质转运对小麦产量形成的影响及其调控机理。结果表明，干旱胁迫
显著降低了小麦籽粒产量。相比于充分供水条件，在干旱胁迫下，二倍体小麦野生一粒、栽培一粒，四倍体小麦野生
二粒、栽培二粒，六倍体小麦小偃 22、长旱 58 籽粒产量分别为降低了 48．00%、37．93%、40．19%、38．77%、19．58%、
16．11%，相比于二倍体和四倍体小麦，六倍体小麦籽粒产量具有较高稳定性，且六倍体小麦籽粒产量显著高于二倍
体和四倍体小麦。干旱胁迫显著降低了不同基因型小麦干物质转运量和积累量，相比于充分供水条件，二倍体小麦
野生一粒、栽培一粒，四倍体小麦野生二粒、栽培二粒，六倍体小麦小偃 22、长旱 58 花前干物质转运量分别降低了
29%、27%、30%、14%、3%、8%，花后干物质积累量分别降低 59%、42%、44%、45%、23%、17%。干旱胁迫对不同基因
型小麦干物质转运率和贡献率的影响存在差异，与充分供水条件相比，二倍体小麦野生一粒、栽培一粒，四倍体小麦
野生二粒、栽培二粒，六倍体小麦小偃 22、长旱 58 花前干物质转运率分别降低了 40%、38%、36%、6%、－16%、－17%，
贡献率分别降低了 43%、37%、15%、26%、20%、11%，花后干物质贡献率分别提高了 5%、－3%、13%、6%、2%、2%。同
时发现，干旱胁迫下不同基因型小麦相比，六倍体小麦叶绿素含量、干物质运输能力和抗氧化防御能力均显著高于
二倍体和四倍体小麦。以上结果说明，干物质转运和积累是小麦产量形成的关键因素。小麦花后持绿时间、抗氧化
防御能力和运输能力影响小麦花后干物质的积累和转运，进而影响小麦籽粒产量的形成。

 Six wheat genotypes including two diploid wheat，two tetraploid wheat and two hexaploid genotypes
were used to evaluate the effect of dry matter translocation on grain yield formation and its regulation mechanism．
The results indicated that drought stress significantly reduced grain yield of wheat． Compared with sufficient water
supply，the grain yields of Triticum boeoticum，T． monococcum，T． dicoccoides，T． dicoccon，Xiaoyan 22，
Changhan 58 were reduced by 48．00%，37．93%，40．19%，38．77%，19．58% and 16．11%，respectively，under
drought condition． Compared with diploid and tetraploid wheat，the grain yield of hexaploid wheat was more stable．The grain yield of hexaploid wheat was significantly higher than that of diploid and tetraploid wheat． Drought stress
significantly reduced the dry matter translocation amount and accumulation，compared with sufficient water supply
conditions． Dry matter translocation amount before anthesis was decreased by 29%，27%，30%，14%，3% and 8%
in Triticum boeoticum，T． monococcum，T． dicoccoides，T． dicoccon，Xiaoyan 22，and Changhan 58． The accumula-
tion after anthesis was decreased by 59%，42%，44%，45%，23% and 17% in Triticum boeoticum，T． monococ-
cum，T． dicoccoides，respectively． However，drought stress had different effects on the dry matter translocation rate
and contribution rate in wheat with different genotypes． Compared with sufficient water supply conditions，the dry
matter translocation rate of Triticum boeoticum，T． monococcum，T． dicoccoides，T． dicoccon，Xiaoyan 6，and
Changhan 58 was reduced by 40%，38%，36%，6%，－16% and －17% before anthesis． The contribution rate was
decreased by 43%，37%，15%，26%，20% and 11%，respectively，and the dry matter contribution rate was in-
creased by 5%，－3%，13%，6%，2% and 2% after anthesis． Interestingly，the chlorophyll content，dry matter
translocation capacity and antioxidant defense capacity in the hexaploid wheat were higher than those in the other
wheat with different genotypes under drought stress． These results indicated that dry matter translocation and accu-
mulation were key factors in grain yield formation． Higher dry matter translocation and accumulation under drought
stress environment were associated with higher chlorophyll content，antioxidant defense ability and larger vascular
bundle transport capacity to affect wheat yield．