水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

【 目的】本研究针对当前柴达木盆地枸杞 (Lycium barbarum L.) 生产中水肥过量施用的现象，通过分析水
氮互作对枸杞水氮利用效率、产量及经济效益的影响，为当地枸杞种植节水减肥及增产增效提供理论依据。
【 方法】试验于 2018—2019 年在青海省海西州德令哈市怀头他拉灌区进行，以 2 年生‘宁杞 7 号’为研究对
象，采用水、氮两因素三水平设计，水分处理水平为 W1 (198 m 3 /hm 2 )、W2 (158 m 3 /hm 2 ) 和 W3 (119 m 3 /hm 2 )，氮
肥水平为 N1 (345 kg/hm 2 )、N2 (276 kg/hm 2 ) 和 N3 (207 kg/hm 2 )。分析不同水氮条件对 0—100 cm 土层土壤蓄水
量、耗水量、水氮利用效率、产量及经济效益的影响。【 结果】水氮互作对土壤蓄水量存在显著影响，其中
W2N2 处理两年内蓄水量最高。不同灌水处理间的水分利用效率表现为 W2>W3>W1，与 W1 相比，W2 和
W3 分别提高 79.4% 和 59.3%。W2N3 处理下水分利用效率最高，两年平均为 17.26 kg/(hm 2 ·mm)。两年平均氮肥
偏生产力表现为 W2>W3>W1。在相同灌溉水平下，氮肥偏生产力随施氮量的增加显著降低。所有处理中以
W2N3 的平均氮肥偏生产力最高，为 15.71 kg/kg。灌水和施氮均可增加枸杞产量和经济效益，不同灌水处理间
产量和经济效益整体均表现为 W2>W3>W1。与 W1 相比，W2 和 W3 产量分别提高 49.4% 和 29.1%，净收益分
别提高 3.36 和 2.88 倍；与 W2N1 处理相比，W2N2 和 W2N3 产量分别提高 10.6% 和 16.7%，净收益分别提高
29.1% 和 41.6%。【 结论】只有适量灌水才可以提高 0—100 cm 土层含水量，提高枸杞水分利用效率。在适量
灌溉条件下，降低氮肥投入有利于提高枸杞产量、水氮利用效率及经济效益。综合评价，灌水量 150～160
m 3 /hm 2 ，施氮 200～220 kg/hm 2 为柴达木盆地枸杞种植适宜的水肥模式。

【Objectives】This study analyzed the effects of different water and nitrogen conditions on water and
nitrogen utilization efficiency, yield and economic benefits of Lycium barbarum, so as to provide a theoretical
basis for local Lycium barbarum cultivation to save water and increase yield and efficiency in Qaidam basin.
【Methods】The experiment was conducted in the Qaidam Basin at Huaiten Tula irrigation area, Qinghai
Province from 2018 to 2019. The tested wolfberry cultivar was Ningqi 7, which was two years old. The
experiment was a randomized complete block design with two factors, each having three levels. The three
irrigation levels were W1 (198 m 3 /hm 2 ), W2 (158 m 3 /hm 2 ), and W3 (119 m 3 /hm 2 ), and the three N levels were N1
(345 kg/hm 2 ), N2 (276 kg/hm 2 ), and N3 (207 kg/hm 2 ). The water storage in 0–100 cm soil profile, the water
consumption, water use efficiency (WUE), yield and economic benefit of wolfberry were analyzed.
【Results】Water and N interaction had a significant effect on soil water storage. The highest soil water storagewas recorded in W2N2 treatment in the two trial years. The water use efficiency in water treatments was in order
of W2>W3>W1, and that in W1 was79.4% and 59.3% lower than in W2 and W3. The highest WUE was recorded
in W2N3 [17.26 kg/(hm 2 ·mm)]. The average N partial productivity (NPP) for the two years was in order
W2>W3>W1. Under the same irrigation level, the NPP decreased with the increase of N levels, and the highest
NPP (15.71 kg/kg) was recorded in W2N3. The yield and economic benefit of wolfberry were increased with
irrigation and N application. The overall yield and economic benefit among irrigation treatments were
W2>W3>W1. The wolfberry yield and the net income of W2 and W3 were 49.4% and 29.1% higher; and 3.36
times and 2.88 times respectively higher than thatse of W1. Compared with W2N1, the wolfberry yield of W2N2
and W2N3 treatments increased by 10.6% and 16.7%, respectively, while the net income increased by 29.1% and
41.6%, respectively.【Conclusions】Only proper irrigation could significantly increase the water storage in
0–100 cm soil profile and decrease water consumption. Irrigation at 150–160 m 3 /hm 2  and N rate of 200–220
kg/hm 2  (W2N3) is the optimum combination for Lycium barbarum in Qaidam Basin.