水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

为探究灌溉水磁化处理对引黄灌区水肥一体化滴灌滴头堵塞的影响，该研究针对内镶片式滴头，设置磁化强度
为 0.2、0.4 和 0.6 T，对照组为未磁化处理，并配置质量份数为 2 %的硫酸钾肥、尿素和复合肥浑水（泥沙浓度为 3.0 g/L），
采用短周期间歇性灌水试验。结果表明：磁化极显著减缓滴头流量与灌水均匀度的下降趋势（P<0.01），不同肥料适合的
最佳磁化强度不同，磁化强度为 0.4 T 时，对硫酸钾肥与复合肥混合液的灌水均匀度下降的减缓作用最大，磁化强度为
0.2 T 时，对尿素混合液的灌水均匀度下降的减缓作用最大；灌溉水磁化后，硫酸钾肥和复合肥处理毛管前段堵塞滴头的
数量增加，尿素处理的减少；磁化处理显著影响滴头堵塞敏感粒径的沉降和运动，显著增加了硫酸钾肥与复合肥混合液
在毛管中淤积泥沙的敏感粒径（<0.03 mm）占比，减少了滴头输出泥沙中敏感粒径占比，尿素则相反。研究结果可为引
黄灌区水肥一体化滴灌滴头抗堵塞防治措施提供参考。

This study aims to explore the effect of magnetization treatment on the clogging of drippers for the integrated drip
irrigation of water and fertilizer in the area of the Yellow River. Taking the inner-embedded drip emitter as the research object,
the intensity of magnetization was set to 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 T, where the control group was unmagnetized. A short-term
intermittent irrigation test was also carried out for 2% of the mass of potassium sulfate fertilizer, urea, and compound fertilizer
muddy water (sediment content of 3.0 g/L). The results showed that the magnetization significantly slowed down the
downward trend of dripper flow and irrigation uniformity (P<0.01). The optimal magnetization intensity greatly varied in the
different fertilizers. Specifically, there was the greatest mitigation effect of dripper flow for the mixture of potassium sulfate
fertilizer and compound fertilizer, when the magnetization intensity was 0.4T. The greatest mitigation effect was found during
the decrease in the flow rate of the dripper in the urea mixture at the magnetization intensity of 0.2 T. The effective irrigation
times for the mixture of potassium sulfate fertilizer, urea, and compound fertilizer without magnetization treatment (irrigation
times with a relative flow rate greater than 75%) were 10, 10, and 3 times, respectively. Furthermore, the effective irrigation
times of different fertilizer mixtures increased after the magnetization treatment. When the magnetization intensity was 0.4, 0.2,
and 0.4 T, the effective irrigation times of potassium sulfate fertilizer, urea, and compound fertilizer mixture increased the
most, which were 16, 15, and 7 times, respectively. The number of clogged emitters increased significantly in the front section
of the capillary tube for the potassium sulfate fertilizer and compound fertilizer treatment, whereas, the urea decreased after
magnetizing the irrigation water. In the 0.4 T treatment, the most increased number of blocked drippers was found in the front
section of the capillary for the potassium sulfate fertilizer and compound fertilizer mixture, which were 68.77% and 27.50%,
respectively. In the 0.2 T treatment, there was the largest decrease (55.36%) in the number of blocked drippers in the front
section of the urea mixed liquid capillary tube. The ratio for the amount of sediment in the capillary tube to the amount of
sediment output from the dripper was represented by η under different magnetization treatments. When applying potassium
sulfate fertilizer and compound fertilizer, the magnetization treatment increased the value of η, indicating the largest increase at
0.4 T. By contrast, the magnetization treatment reduced the value of η, when the urea was applied, indicating the most obvious
decrease at 0.2 T. As such, the magnetization significantly dominated the sedimentation and movement for the sensitive
particle size of emitter blockages. Specifically, the magnetization significantly increased the proportion of sensitive particle
size (smaller than 0.03 mm) in the siltation sediment for the capillary of the potassium sulfate and the compound fertilizer
mixture, reducing the proportion of sensitive particle size in the sediment output from the emitter, where that of urea was the
opposite. When the magnetization intensity was 0.4 T, after applying potassium sulfate fertilizer and compound fertilizer, the
sediment-sensitive particle size in the front and middle of the capillary increased the most: 25.75%, 11.17%, and 17.87%,
10.36%, respectively. After applying urea, the magnetization presented the largest decrease, when the magnetization was 0.2 T.
When the magnetization intensity was 0.4 T, the proportion of sensitive particle size in the output sediment of the potassium
sulfate and the compound fertilizer mixture dripper presented the largest decrease, which was 5.33% and 4.61%, respectively.
When the magnetization intensity was 0.2 T, the urea mixed liquid dripper presented the largest increase in the proportion of
sensitive particle size in the sediment output, which was 5.26%. The finding can provide a strong reference for the
anti-clogging prevention measures in the drip irrigation drippers with integrated water and fertilizer in the Yellow River
irrigation areas.