水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

为探究覆膜对冬小麦根系生长和产量的影响，于 2017—2018 和 2018—2019 年度在冬小麦生育期设置 2
种栽培模式(CK: 裸地穴播，PM: 全膜穴播)和 3 个播种日期(0:传统播期，10:晚播 10 d，20:晚播 20 d)，分析了覆膜
措施对不同播期冬小麦地上部和根系生长、产量及其构成，以及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，覆膜处理有效增
加了不同播期冬小麦返青期后的根长密度(ＲLD)、根表面积密度(ＲSD)、根系生物量、地上部生物量;各生育期 PM0
处理的 ＲLD、ＲSD、根系生物量、地上部生物量均最大。覆膜对晚播冬小麦根系生长具有一定的加速作用，使得两季
冬小麦 PM10 处理的 ＲLD、ＲSD 和根系生物量在返青期分别比 CK0 处理高 2．90%、13．63%和 23．04%。与 CK0 处理
相比，两季冬小麦灌浆期 PM0、PM10、PM20 处理的地上部生物量分别显著增加 65．63%、75．57%和 54．71%(P＜
0．05)。两季冬小麦覆膜处理的产量和水分利用效率均比同播期裸地处理高，其中，两季冬小麦 PM0、PM10 处理的
产量分别比 CK0 处理提高 28．92%、14．35%，水分利用效率分别比 CK0 处理提高 17．87%、7．90%。此外，研究还发现，
冬小麦返青期、开花期、灌浆期总 ＲLD 均与有效穗数、产量、水分利用效率呈极显著正相关关系(P＜0．01);冬小麦返
青期总 ＲSD、根系生物量均与有效穗数、产量及水分利用效率呈极显著正相关关系(P＜0．01)。综上，覆膜措施通过
改良土壤的水热环境，加速并促进了冬小麦根系的生长发育，进而改善了冬小麦根系对水分和养分的吸收，增加冬
小麦植株的抗逆性。

 In order to explore the effects of film mulching on the growth of root system and yield of winter
wheat，in this study，during the whole growth period of winter wheat in 2017－2018 and 2018－2019，two planting
modes (CK: uncovered hole sowing，PM: full film hole sowing) and three sowing dates (0: traditional sowing
date; 10: 10 days for late sowing; 20: 20 days for late sowing) to analyze the effects of film mulching on the
growth of aboveground system and root system at different growth stages，yield and its composition as well as water
use efficiency of winter wheat under different treatment． The results showed that after greening period of the two sea-
sons of winter wheat，the mulching measures effectively increased root length density (ＲLD)，root surface area
density (ＲSD)，root biomass，and above-ground biomass． Among the different growth periods，ＲLD，ＲSD，root
biomass，and above-ground biomass of PM0 treatment was the largest． Film mulching could accelerate the growth ofthe root system of late sowing winter wheat，making the average ＲLD，ＲSD and root biomass of PM10 treatments
increased by 2．90%，13．63% and 23．04% than CK0 treatment of winter wheat during the greening period，respec-
tively． Compared with CK0 treatment，the average above-ground biomass of PM0，PM10 and PM20 treatments in
the two seasons of winter wheat during the filling period increased significantly by 65．63%，75．57% and 54．71%
(P＜0．05)，respectively． The average yield and water use efficiency in the two seasons of winter wheat of mulching
measures were higher than those without mulching at the same sowing period，respectively． Compared with CK0
treatment，the average yield of PM0 and PM10 in the two seasons of winter wheat increased by 28．92% and
14．35%，and the water use efficiency was increased by 17．87% and 7．90%． In addition，the study also found the
total ＲLD in the greening period，flowering period，and filling period of winter wheat all had strong positive correla-
tions with the spike number，yield，and water use efficiency (P＜0．01); the total ＲSD，root biomass in the green-
ing period all had strong positive correlations with the spike number，yield，and water use efficiency (P＜0．01)． In
summary，film mulching can improve environment of the soil to accelerate and promote the growth and development
of winter wheat root system，thus improves the absorption of water and nutrients by the winter wheat root system，in-
creases the stress resistance of winter wheat plants．