水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

研究旨在探讨在土壤贫瘠的黄土丘陵区，施肥对土壤微生物产生的影响及其机理。试验以安塞站内长期定位施肥小区为
研究对象，试验处理包括 CK(对照)、N(氮肥)、P(磷肥)、M(有机肥)、NP(氮肥 + 磷肥)、MN(有机肥 + 氮肥)、MP(有机肥 + 磷
肥)和 MNP(有机肥 + 氮肥 + 磷肥)，研究长期施肥对土壤微生物群落结构和呼吸的影响。0—20cm 耕作层的土壤微生物活性和
PLFA 含量均高于 20—40cm 土层的微生物活性和 PLFA 含量，耕作层较 20—40cm 基础呼吸提高 63．61%—116．78%，诱导呼吸
提高 53．45%—137．64%，总 PLFA 含量提高 16．16%—43．67%。单施 N 和 P 增强了土壤呼吸强度，0—20cm 基础呼吸强度分别
升高 34．11%和 48．89%，诱导呼吸强度分别升高 40．83%和 63．59%，20—40cm 基础呼吸分别升高 40．83%和 63．59%，诱导呼吸分
别升高 14．70%和 20．49%。单施 N 显著改变 G － 微生物群落，0—20cm 和 20—40cm 土层的 PLFA 含量分别显著升高 63．19%和
53．07%，单施 P 对土壤微生物群落结构同样产生显著影响，但是 NP 对微生物群落结构的影响不显著。有机无机肥配施显著提
高土壤呼吸及微生物 PLFA 含量。通过三因素方差分析，单一氮肥因素对土壤微生物特性的影响不显著;单一磷肥因素对微生
物的呼吸强度及部分磷脂脂肪酸含量产生显著影响，在耕作层中，磷肥因素对这些微生物特性的影响比率为 11．4%—54．0%。
通过 ＲDA 分析，表明土壤速效磷是影响黄土丘陵区微生物特性的主要因素。长期氮磷有机肥混施有助于提高土壤微生物的特
性，进而改善农田生态系统的稳定和健康水平。

The experiment was set up to investigate the effects of fertilization on soil microbial properties and its mechanism
in the Loess Hilly Ｒegion． Soil microbial community structure and respiration under long-term fertilizations，including CK
(control)，N ( nitrogen fertilizer)，P ( phosphorus fertilizer)，M ( manure)，NP ( nitrogen fertilizer + phosphorus
fertilizer)，MN (manure + nitrogen fertilizer)，MP (manure + phosphorus fertilizer) and MNP (manure + nitrogen
fertilizer + phosphorus fertilizer)，were studied at Ansai Field Ｒesearch Station． The results showed that microbial activities
and PLFA contents in surface soil (0—20cm) were higher than those in the sub soil (20—40cm); Basal respiration，substrate-induced respiration and total PLFA contents in surface soil were 63．61%—116．78%，53．45%—53．45% and
16．16%—43．67% higher than those in sub soil． Compared to the CK treatment，N fertilizer and P fertilizer increased
surface soil basal respiration by 34．11% and 48．89%，respectively，and substrate-induced respiration intensities increased
by 40．83% and 63．59%; In sub soil，the basal respiration intensities increased by 40．83% and 63．59%，and the substrate-
induced respiration intensities increased by 14．70% and 20．49%，respectively． The effect of N fertilizer on G
－
microbial
community was significant and increased PLFA contents in 0—20cm and 20—40cm soil profile significantly by 63．19% and
53．07%． And P fertilizer also altered the microbial community structure significantly，however，the effects of the mixed
fertilizer of NP on microbial community structure was not significant． The mixture of organic and inorganic fertilizers had a
significant influence on soil respiration and microbial community structure． Variance analysis of three factors indicated that
the effects of single N fertilizer factor on soil microbial properties were not significant; single N fertilizer had significant
effect on the microbial respiration and PLFA contents． In the 0—20cm soil layer，the ratio of P fertilizer factor influencing
these microbial characteristics was 11．4%—54．0%． The ＲDA analysis indicated that available P played a major role in
driving the change in microbial characteristics． Long-term mixed manure，N and P fertilizers could improve soil microbial
properties，thus contribute to the stability and sustainability of farmland ecosystem．