水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

为了研究黑土区坡耕地横坡垄作防治坡面土壤侵蚀的效应，该文利用 8 m×1.5 m 的试验土槽，设计 3 个降雨强
度（50、75 和 100 mm/h）、1 个典型坡度（5°）以及横坡垄作和无垄作（平坡裸地对照试验）的试验处理进行模拟降雨试
验，研究东北黑土区横坡垄作坡面在不同降雨强度下的防治坡面侵蚀效应。结果表明：横坡垄作在 50 mm/h 降雨强度下
坡面基本不发生土壤侵蚀，但在 75 和 100 mm/h 降雨强度下会发生断垄，造成防蚀效应急剧降低。横坡垄作坡面的径流
和侵蚀过程均明显存在以断垄时间为界的突变，在 3 个降雨强度下，横坡垄作断垄前可使坡面径流量和侵蚀量分别减少
97.7%和 99.1%以上，坡面蓄渗率达到 97.2%以上；而断垄后坡面径流量和侵蚀量分别增加 23.3~25.9 倍和 136.8~171.5 倍，
蓄渗率下降至 50%以下。试验研究表明横坡垄作在≤50 mm/h 的降雨强度下具有很好的坡面防治侵蚀效应，但当遇到强
降雨时易发生断垄，防蚀效应急剧降低。

Ridge tillage is the most common tillage method in Mollisol region of Northeast China, and contour ridge tillage is
one of the practices to promote soil and water conservation on the farmland. However, the effects of contour ridge tillage for
controlling hillslope soil erosion and its erosion process under different rainfall intensities have not been fully investigated.
Studying the hillslope soil erosion controlling effects of contour ridge can provide basic information for designing hillslope
soil conservation practices. A simulated rainfall experiment was designed to study the effects of contour ridge tillage for
controlling hillslope soil erosion in balck soil region of northeast China, three rainfall intensities (50, 75 and 100 mm/h), one
slope gradient (5°), two surface treatments of contour ridge tillage and flat tillage were conducted, and a soil box with 8 m long
and 3 m wide was used in this study. The results showed that contour ridge tillage has a significant effect on erosion prevention
under rainfall intensity of 50 mm/h, and there was almost no runoff and soil loss compared with flat hillslope. In 75 and 100
mm/h treatments, the runoff and soil loss processes on contour ridge hillslope obviously had abrupt changes before and after
the ridge failure. Compared with the flat tillage hillslope, before contour ridges failure, the contour ridge tillage reduced more
than 97.7% of runoff and soil loss, runoff intensities and erosion rates were 0.01 - 0.06 times and 0.01 - 0.02 times lower than
that of flat hillslope, respectively, and water storage capacities for contour ridge hillslope under three rainfall intensities were
greater than 97.2%, which indicated that contour ridge tillage had a satisfactory effect for controlling hillslope soil erosion.
However, when contour ridges failure occurred, soil loss greatly increased and correspondingly effects of contour ridge tillage
for controlling hillslope sharply decreased. Hillslope soil loss was closely responding to runoff rate after ridges failure. The
runoff and soil loss after ridges failure increased by 23.3- 25.9 and 136.8-171.5 times than that before ridges failure,
respectively; and water storage capacity respectively decreased 50% and 10% under 75 and 100 mm/h rainfall intensities,
while soil loss increased by 63.7% and 35.8%. Hillslope soil loss of the treatment with contour ridge tillage was 2.7 - 3.6 times
higher than the flat tillage under the rainfall intensities of 75 and 100 mm/h. Contour ridge tillage might have a better effects
for controlling hillslope soil erosion under the rainfall intensities less than 50 mm/h, but contour ridges failure occurred
frequently under the high rainfall intensities, resulting in a dramatic decrease of the erosion control effect. Although ridge
failure occurred under large rainfall intensity treatments, the water volume intercepted (including infiltration and impoundment)
was still remarkable. It was found that the ridge stability improved in wide-ridge tillage system in field survey, and the
popularization of the wide-ridge tillage was expected to further improve the effect of erosion control. Therefore, the future
work should be focused on the improvement of contour ridge tillage to better control the hillslope erosion in Mollisol region of
northeast China, and more research should be conducted on contour ridges failure to better understand and predict this process
in ridge tillage systems of the balck soil region.