水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

为揭示我国北方苹果物候期时空变化特征及其对气候变暖的响应时段和强度，选取
福山、万荣和阿克苏分别代表我国渤海湾、黄土高原和新疆苹果产区，利用 1996—2018 年各
地红富士苹果芽开放期、展叶始期、始花期、可采成熟期、叶变色末期和落叶末期物候数据，分
析不同物候期及生长阶段长度的变化趋势，并利用偏最小二乘回归法，从日尺度层面，分析气
温变化对各物候期的影响。结果表明: 近 23 年来，福山、万荣和阿克苏芽开放期、展叶始期和
始花期均呈现提前趋势，平均提前速率分别为 0．36、0．33 和 0．23 d·a
－1
，落叶末期则呈推迟趋
势(0．68 d·a
－1
)，可采成熟期和叶变色末期在各产区的变化趋势不一致;果实生长发育期和
果树全生育期分别以 1．20 和 0．82 d·a
－1
的速率延长。苹果春季物候期与 1 月初至相应物候
期发生前平均气温呈显著负相关关系，期间温度每升高 1 ℃，芽开放期、展叶始期和始花期将
分别提前 3．70、3．47 和 3．48 d;秋季物候期与各物候期前 21～72 d 的平均气温呈正相关，但与
影响时段平均气温的相关性低于春季物候期;总体上，春季物候期受气温影响的程度大于秋
季物候期，且果实生长发育期和果树全生育期的延长主要由春季物候期提前所致。各主产地
间苹果物候期对气候变暖的响应存在一定差异，其中气温对阿克苏苹果生长发育的影响最
大，其次是万荣，对福山的影响并不明显。该研究结果可为指导各地苹果产业应对气候变化
提供理论依据。

 To reveal the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of apple’s phenology and their
critical response time period and intensity to the temperature change in the main production areas of
northern China，we chose Fushan，Wanrong and Akesu to respresent the Bohai Gulf，the Loess
Plateau and Xinjiang apple production areas，respectively． Apple’s phenology data of buds opening
(BO)，first leaf unfolding (LU)，first flowering (FF)，fruit maturing (FM)，end of leaf coloring
(LC) and the end of leaf fall (LF) at the three stations during 1996－2018 were used to analyze the
changes of phenological occurrence dates and different growth stage lengths． Partial least squares(PLS) regression was applied to identify the impacts of climate warming on different phenology
events at daily resolution． Ｒesults showed that regional mean occurrence dates of apple’s BO，LU
and FF advanced by a rate of 0．36，0．33 and 0．23 day per year，respectively． However，apple’s
LF postponed by 0．68 d·a
－1
． The FM and LC showed different trends among all the sites． The
length of fruit growing period (FG) and that of tree growing period (TG) extended at average rates
of 1．20 and 0．82 day per year． Apple’s spring phenophases dates at all stations correlated negatively
with mean temperature during early January to pre-phenophases date，with a 1 ℃ increase inducing
an advancement of 3．70，3．47 and 3．48 days for apple’s BO，LU and FF，respectively． In con-
trast，apple’s autumn phenophases correlated positively with mean temperature 21－72 days before
the phenophases date，and its correlation with mean temperature was lower than the correlation for
spring phenophases． Generally，the effect of temperature on spring phenophase was stronger than
that of autumn phenophase，and the extension of FG and TG was mainly caused by the advance of
spring phenophase． The responses of apple’s phenophases to climate warming differed across all the
stations． Temperature had the greatest impact on the development of apple industry in Akesu，less
in Wanrong，and with the least influence in Fushan． Our results could provide theoretical basis for
response to climate change for apple industry in different areas of China．