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长期施用化肥对旱作雨养农田N 2 O排放特征的影响
肖杰1; 刘平静1; 孙本华1,3; 高明霞2; 张树兰1
2020
发表期刊西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)
卷号48期号:5页码:108-122
摘要

【目的】分析不同施肥处理对土壤理化性质、 N 2 O 的排放特征及小麦产量的影响,以期为旱作雨养农
田化肥合理施用以及降低温室气体排放提供科学依据。【方法】 2016-2018年,以始于1990年的陕西杨凌“国家黄土
肥力与肥料效益监测基地”冬小麦/夏休闲体系长期肥料定位试验为基础,对其中 6 个处理(( 1 )不施肥( CK )、( 2 )单施
氮肥( N )、(
3 )氮肥与钾肥配施( NK )、( 4 )磷肥与钾肥配施( PK )、( 5 )氮肥与磷肥配施( NP )、 6 )氮肥、磷肥与钾肥配施
( NPK ))进行研究,测定不同处理土壤样品理化性质、 N 2 O排放特征以及小麦产量,并就 N 2 O 排放总量与土壤理化性
质的关系进行了冗余( RDA )分析。【结果】不同处理对土壤理化性质影响有差异,其中 NP 和 NPK 处理土壤有机碳
( SOC )、全氮( TN )、无机氮(铵态氮( NH 4 + - N )和硝态氮( NO 3 - - N ))、微生物量碳( MBC )、微生物量氮( MBN )含量均
明显高于其他处理,而土壤
pH 显著下降。
2016-2017 和 2017-2018 年不同处理的土壤 N 2 O 排放总量分别为
0.48~1.31 和 0.41~1.18kg / hm
2 ,其中施氮处理(
NK 、 NP 和 NPK )的土壤 N 2 O 排放总量均显著高于 CK ;土壤 N 2 O
排放总量平均值表现为 NPK>NP>NK>N>PK>CK 。所有施氮处理中, NPK 处理的 N 2 O 排放系数平均值最高,
达 0.59% ,显著高于其他处理。 2016-2017 和 2017-2018 年,所有施肥处理小麦产量均显著高于 CK ,其中 NP 和
NPK 处理的小麦产量均较高。 6 个处理中, N 处理的土壤 N 2 O 排放强度平均值最高,显著高于其他处理; CK 、 NK 和
NPK 处理次之,且三者之间差异不显著; NP 和 PK 处理均较低,且两者之间差异不显著。 RDA 分析结果表明,土壤
N 2 O 排放总量与土壤理化性质的相关性由大到小表现为 TN>NO 3 - - N>SOC>NH 4 + - N>MBN>MBC 。【结论】对
于 土娄 土区雨养农田而言,长期氮、磷肥配施( NP )或者氮、磷、钾肥配施( NPK )可显著提高土壤肥力和小麦产量以及
N 2 O 排放总量,是研究区较好的施肥方式。

其他摘要

 【 Objective 】 The effects of long - term different fertilizations on soil physical and chemical
characteristics , wheat yield and N 2 O emission were investigated to provide basis for reducing emission fromfarmland soil by reasonable fertilization.
【 Method 】 From 2016to 2018 ,
based on the long - term fertilizer ex -
periment of winter wheat / summer fallow system started in 1990as “ National Monitoring
Base of Soil Fer -
tility and Fertilizer Efficiency
on Loess Soil ” in Yangling , Shaanxi , different treatments including farmland
without fertilization ( CK ), N fertilizer ( N ), N and K fertilizer ( NK ), P and K fertilizer ( PK ), N and P fer -
tilizer ( NP ), as well as N , P and K fertilizer ( NPK ) were selected.The physicochemical properties of soil
samples , N 2 O emission characteristics and wheat yield of different treatments were measured , and the rela -
tionship between total N 2 O emission and soil physicochemical properties was analyzed by
redundancy anal -
ysis ( RDA ) . 【 Result 】 The effects of different treatments on soil physical and chemical properties were dif

ferent.Soil organic carbon , total nitrogen , inorganic nitrogen ( ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen ),
microbial biomass carbon ( MBC ) and microbial biomass nitrogen ( MBN ) contents in NP and NPK treat -
ments were significantly higher than that in other treatments.Soil pH in treatments decreased significant

ly.Total N 2 O emissions from different treatments during 2016-2017and 2017-2018were 0.48-1.31
and 0.41-1.18kg
/ hm
2 ,
respectively.The total N 2 O emissions of nitrogen fertilization treatments ( NK ,
NP and NPK ) were significantly higher than that of CK.The average soil N 2 O emissions were in the order
of NPK>NPK>NK>N>PK>CK.Among all nitrogen fertilization treatments ,
the NPK treatment had
the highest average N 2 O emission factor of 0.59% , and it was significantly higher than that of other treat -
ments.In 2016-2017and 2017-2018 , the wheat yields of all fertilization treatments were significantly
higher than that of CK with the highest in NP and NPK treatments.N treatment had the highest yiled -
scaled N 2 O emission and it was significantly higher than other treatments.CK , NK and NPK were lower
without significant difference.NP and PK treatments were the lowest without significant difference.RDA
analysis showed that the correlation coefficient between soil N 2 O emission and soil physical and chemical
properties was in the order of TN>NO 3 - - N>SOC>NH 4 + - N>MBN>MBC. 【 Conclusion 】 For rain - fed
farmland in Lou soil area , long - term combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus ( NP ) or combined
application of nitrogen , phosphorus and potassium ( NPK ) can significantly increase soil fertility , wheat
yield and cumulative emission of N 2 O.The two treatments are suggested fertilizer application methods in
the study aera.

关键词长期施肥 冬小麦/夏休闲体系 N 2 O 排放系数
收录类别中文核心期刊要目总览
语种中文
文献类型期刊论文
条目标识符sbir.nwafu.edu.cn/handle/361005/10155
专题水保所知识产出(1956---)
作者单位1.西北农林科技大学源环境学院/农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室
2.西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院
3.中国旱区节水农业研究院
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
肖杰,刘平静,孙本华,等. 长期施用化肥对旱作雨养农田N 2 O排放特征的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2020,48(5):108-122.
APA 肖杰,刘平静,孙本华,高明霞,&张树兰.(2020).长期施用化肥对旱作雨养农田N 2 O排放特征的影响.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),48(5),108-122.
MLA 肖杰,et al."长期施用化肥对旱作雨养农田N 2 O排放特征的影响".西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版) 48.5(2020):108-122.
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