ISWC OpenIR  > 水保所知识产出(1956---)
小麦花后水分亏缺和复水对同化物转运 和籽粒灌浆的影响
杨丽丽1; 任建宏2; 刘溢建1; 殷俐娜2,3; 邓西平1,3
2020
发表期刊西北植物学报
卷号40期号:11页码:1909-1918
摘要

为了阐明水分亏缺对小麦花后同化物转运和籽粒灌浆的影响及其生理机制的相关变化,以盆栽小麦旱作
品种‘长旱 58 ’为材料,自花后 9d 起,设置正常供水( WW )、中度干旱胁迫后复水( MD )和重度干旱胁迫后复水
( SD ) 3个水分处理,比较干旱胁迫后复水处理对小麦籽粒产量、产量构成因素及水分利用效率、强弱势粒灌浆动
态、旗叶光合性能、茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物( NSC )转运、籽粒形成关键酶活性变化等的影响。结果表明:(
1 )与
WW 相比, MD 处理显著增加了小麦穗粒数和千粒重,进而提高籽粒产量、水分利用效率和小麦弱势粒的最大灌浆
速率和平均灌浆速率,对强势粒则无显著影响,而 SD 处理则显著降低了穗粒数、千粒重、强弱势粒的最大灌浆速率
和平均灌浆速率,但水分利用效率显著高于 WW 处理。( 2 ) MD 处理植株旗叶在小麦灌浆过程中维持了与 WW 基本相同的净光合速率,同时在小麦花后 9~20d 时 MD 处理下气孔导度和蒸腾速率变化不明显,而在 SD 处理下气孔导度和蒸腾速率则急剧下降;另外,与 WW 相比,在整个灌浆期 MD 处理下旗叶叶绿素含量变化不显著,而 SD处理下叶绿素含量呈大幅下降趋势。( 3 ) MD 处理提高了小麦弱势粒蔗糖合成酶和腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶活性;同时使灌浆中后期有较高的果聚糖水解酶( FEH )活性和较低果聚糖含量,显著增强了茎鞘同化物质转运,提高茎鞘储藏物质对粒重的贡献率。研究发现,中度水分胁迫后复水处理小麦植株具有较好的叶片性能、花后较多的茎鞘同化物向籽粒转运以及较高的弱势粒库活性,从而提高旱作小麦弱势粒灌浆速率,增加穗粒数和粒重,进而提高籽粒产量。

其他摘要

 In order to clarify the effects of water deficit and rehydration on the assimilation transport and
grain filling of wheat after anthesis , we applined three treatments
, named , well water ( WW ), rehydration
after moderate drought stress ( MD ) and rehydration after severe drought stress ( SD ), after 9days flower -
ing
in pot experiment with wheat cultivar ‘ Changhan 58 ’ .The yield , grain filling dynamics , photosynthet -ic performance of flag leaves , non - structural carbohydrate (
NSC ) transport in stem and sheath and the ac -
tivities of key enzymes in grain , were investigated during
the process of drought and rehydration.The re -
sults showed that :( 1 ) compared with WW treatment , MD significantly increased the number of grains per
spike and thousand - grain weight of wheat and thus improving the grain yield , water use efficiency and
maximum grouting rate of grains and the average filling
rate.For the SD treatment , grain numbers per
spike , the superior and inferior spikelets of maximum grouting rate and the average filling rate were signif -
icantly decreased , but the water use efficiency
was significantly increased compared with WW.

2 ) The
photosynthetic rate of flag leaves during wheat filling had no difference between MD treatment and WW
treatment.Meanwhile , compared with WW , stomatal conductance and transpiration rate at 9-20dafter
wheat flowering were not changed under MD , while they
were profoundly decreased under SD.

3 ) The ac -
tivities of sucrose synthase and adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase in wheat was increased
by
MD treatment ; Meanwhile , MD had lower fructose content , which suggested that contribution of sub -
stances in stem to the yield were increased.The study found that higher photosynthesis , more assimilates
in the stem after anthesis transfer to the grain and higher sugar metabolism enzyme activity in the inferior
spikelets , and the number of grains per spike and thousand - grain weight , then finally increase the physio -
logical basis of yield.

关键词小麦 水分亏缺 籽粒灌浆 强势粒 弱势粒 茎鞘物质运转
收录类别中文核心期刊要目总览
语种中文
文献类型期刊论文
条目标识符sbir.nwafu.edu.cn/handle/361005/10138
专题水保所知识产出(1956---)
作者单位1.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院
2.西北农林科技大学生命科学学院
3.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
杨丽丽,任建宏,刘溢建,等. 小麦花后水分亏缺和复水对同化物转运 和籽粒灌浆的影响[J]. 西北植物学报,2020,40(11):1909-1918.
APA 杨丽丽,任建宏,刘溢建,殷俐娜,&邓西平.(2020).小麦花后水分亏缺和复水对同化物转运 和籽粒灌浆的影响.西北植物学报,40(11),1909-1918.
MLA 杨丽丽,et al."小麦花后水分亏缺和复水对同化物转运 和籽粒灌浆的影响".西北植物学报 40.11(2020):1909-1918.
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