水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

豆科植物-根瘤菌共生过程受双方基因复杂且精细的调控, 能够产生特异的根瘤结构并可将大气中的惰性氮气(N 2 )
转化为可被植物直接利用的氨态氮。结瘤与固氮受多种因素影响, 其中, 一氧化氮(NO)作为一种自由基反应性气体信号分
子, 可参与调节植物的许多生长发育过程, 如植物的呼吸、光形态建成、种子萌发、组织和器官发育、衰老以及响应各种
生物及非生物胁迫。在豆科植物中, NO不仅影响寄主与菌共生关系的建立, 还参与调控根瘤菌对氮气的固定并提高植株氮
素营养利用效率。该文主要从豆科植物及共生菌内NO的产生、降解及其对结瘤、共生固氮的影响和对环境胁迫的响应, 阐
述了NO调控豆科植物共生体系中根瘤形成和共生固氮过程的作用机制, 展望了NO信号分子在豆科植物共生固氮体系中的
研究前景。

Legume-rhizobium symbiosis is genetically co-regulated by the genes of both partners. The symbiosis process
involves the formation of special nodule structure where the inert nitrogen (N 2 ) from the atmosphere is converted into
ammonia nitrogen that can be directly used by plants. Nodulation and nitrogen fixation are affected by many factors. As a
free radical reactive gas signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO) participates in the regulation of many plant growth and de-
velopment processes, such as respiration, photomorphogenesis, seed germination, tissue and organ development, aging,
and response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. In the legumes, it has been found that NO not only affects the estab-
lishment of the symbiotic relationship between the host and the bacteria, but also is involved in regulating the fixation of
nitrogen by the rhizobia and increases the efficiency of nitrogen nutrition utilization. Here we review the mechanism of NO
regulating nodule formation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legume-rhizobium symbiosis system, including the produc-
tion and degradation of NO in legumes and rhizobia and its effect on nodulation, symbiotic nitrogen fixation and their
response to environmental stress. We discuss the prospects and challenges of studying NO signaling molecule in sym-
biotic nitrogen fixation system of legume-rhizobium.