水保所知识产出(1956---)知识库

以退耕还林实施效果的显现期(2003－2011 年)为背景，采用指纹识别技术反演淤地坝泥沙来源及小流
域侵蚀产沙演变。结果显示，9 年间，沟道、人工林、灌木地和缓坡耕地的平均泥沙贡献率分别为 40%、25. 9%、
20. 3%和 13. 8%，淤地坝泥沙主要来自沟道。根据各源地泥沙贡献率及其与面积占比的关系，确定小流域中
不同土地利用类型的平均侵蚀强度由大到小依次为沟道＞缓坡耕地＞人工林＞灌木地。随着退耕年限的增加，
人工林泥沙贡献率出现小幅增长，沟道侵蚀有下降趋势，但沟道仍为黄土高原丘陵区侵蚀泥沙的主要来源地。
退耕还林时期栽植的灌木有效减少了侵蚀作用，缓坡耕地则仍需辅以相应的水土保持措施。

 The implementation of the Grain for Green Project (GGP) has significantly controlled soil erosion
and improved ecological environment on the Loess Plateau． In order to control soil erosion on small watershed
for eco-environmental protection on the Loess Plateau，fingerprinting was used to reveal the sediment sources of
check dam and the features of erosion in a typical watershed in 2003－2011． The results showed that the sedi-
ment contribution rates of gully，artificial forest，shrub，and gentle slope farmland were 40%，25. 9%，
20. 3%，and 13. 8%，respectively． Deposited sediment in check dam mainly came from gully． Ｒatio between
the contribution rate of each source area and the percentage of their areas showed that the average erosion in-
tensity following the decreasing order as gully＞gentle slope farmland＞artificial forest＞shrub． During implemen-
tation of GGP，the sediment contribution rate of artificial forest increased and gully reduced，respectively．
However，gully is still the main source of erosion sediment in the hilly region of the Loess Plateau． The shrubs
planted during the period of GGP effectively reduced erosion，but the gentle slope farmland still needs meas-
ures for soil and water conservation．